| 摘要: |
| 介入加斯东·巴什拉“地窖与阁楼”
的哲学思考，从场所营造、空间操作、形式生
成三个层面对波尔多住宅进行解读，旨在探
讨建筑内在生成规律以及人与空间的关联
性。库哈斯建筑哲学的不确定性与复杂性均
在波尔多住宅中有所体现，形式消隐于场所、
融合于结构、适应于行为，为当代住宅的空间
生成与形式表达提供了新的可能。 |
| 关键词: 波尔多住宅 地窖与阁楼 场所营
造 空间操作 形式生成 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20190314 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目（51778401,
51608353）；高等学校学科创新引智计划资助
项目（B13011） |
|
| Cellar and Attic—Interpreting Maison à Bordeaux |
|
WANG Zhiqiang,KONG Yuhang,YANG Xiaodong
|
| Abstract: |
| In terms of the research and study of architectural design, the interpretation and
analysis of excellent architectures is an indispensable process. It is impossible to avoid the indepth
analysis of classic architectures, for either experienced architects or beginners. The
analysis of architecture is a process of review, re-construction, and restoration as well. It is the
reductive interpretation that brings us a further understanding of architecture, and thus helps us
build a clear framework of design thinking. In the case analysis, we can learn a lot of traces of the
design process, which reflects the trajectory of the architect’s creation, the design process and the
response to the era. Architects not only build the space and place where human beings live and
work, but more importantly, make the space full of poetry as well. At the same time, they create
the space which make people where live in gain the feelings on the interest of space through
their own experience. Building space is both an everyday space for living and a spiritual space of
meditation, which is rich in life scenes and full of philosophy.
From the perspective of architecture design, the space, form and place are the most critical
parts of architecture, and are also the key points to understand the meaning of architecture. Based
on the philosophical thinking of Gaston Bachelard’s “cellar and attic”, which is two important
image carriers about human habitat, this paper analyses the Maison Bordeaux from three aspects
(place making, space operation and form generation) for the discussion about inherit principle
of architectural form generation and the relationship between occupants and space. From the
aspect of place making, the villa is among the forest, which makes the visitor to go through a
tortuous path to reveal its appearance. The architects emphasize the privacy of the residential
building through nature and the path, building the etiquette of residence with the detouring route.
Bachelard’s “houses” idea of “cellar and attic” is reflected in this building: the dark light and
the “cave”-style free walls which is reason of the half-buried floor embedded into the mountain
express mystery and unknowingness. It is a place for people to introspect, and the bedroom
on the top floor is a realistic place for daily life. It still maintains the privacy of the house in a
relatively closed space. Compared with the basement, it is more of a spiritual residence. From the
aspect of spatial operation, the house can be interpreted both vertically and horizontally, which
not only reflects the horizontal expression of a modern space, but also exists the vertical metaphor
in the classical spirit. Meanwhile, it is also the material expression of the philosophy of the “cellar
and attic”. The transparent interface of the bottom floor, which connecting the interior space with exterior, and the lateral displaced volume of the medium floor as well as the horizontal loop of the top floor reflect the horizontal momentum,
while the verticality is interpreted by three sets of vertical paths, the atrium and sunlight. From the aspect of form generation, The house is a threedimensional
combination of vertical elements, horizontal elements (wall and slab) and lines (beams, columns, rails and struts). The architect inherits
and develops the design method of de Stijl, using the linear composition relationship, the asymmetric mass superposition and the holistic structure to
provide a feasible way for the expression of the philosophy of the “cellar and attic”.
Starting from the daily activities of the owner, the architect uses a pure geometric pattern such as square and circle to paint a contemporary
picture of life. The contemporary thinking comes from Koolhaas’s concern for social issues and human nature, which is transformed into an
intangible energy and is presented by an “artistic” way. The design of the house is based on human behavior, and is also a solution to “rekindle the
hope of life”, helping the male house owner who can only rely on wheelchair to move due to the traffic accident. The room-like lift and the freely
connecting space are all designed out of the consideration of human behavior—as the master said—I do not want a simple house, I want a complex
house because the house will define my world... From the perspective of space nature, the mystery in the cellar space, the horizontal ductility of the
middle layer space and the freedom of the attic space, metaphorically the verticality of the tower through the lift—3 x 3.5 meters—the “tower” space
where books are stored. With the vertical space movement, the vision of the male owner changes and enjoys the spiritual experience of crossing time
and space. The uncertainty and complexity of Koolhaas’s architectural philosophy are reflected in the Bordeaux residence. The form is hidden in the
place, integrated into the structure, and adapted to the behavior, which provides new possibilities for the spatial generation and formal expression of
contemporary residence. |
| Key words: Maison à Bordeaux Cellar and Attic Place Making Space Operation Form Generation |
