| 摘要: |
| 从现代建筑运动到理论多元化的今
天，建筑装饰经历了从摒弃到找回的过程，
更在近些年来呈现出壮观式的回归。建筑与
装饰有着密切的关系，虽然在不同时期人们
对于建筑装饰的认知存在着变化，但是装饰
却一直有着不变的重要作用。而由历史而观，
今日装饰背后的一些功能与意义依旧与过去
存在着相似之处，而厘清这些将对时下的建
筑设计带来重要的借鉴与启发。 |
| 关键词: 建筑装饰 政治性 交流 回归 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20190313 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目（51808104） |
|
| From Abandon to Return—A Historical Discussion of Architectural Ornament |
|
WU Junxian,YU Gang
|
| Abstract: |
| Tracing back from the modern architecture movement to today’s diversification of
theories, architectural ornament has gone through the process of abandoning and recovering.
The Austrian architect Adolf Loos saw the remove of ornament as a symbol of cultural evolution
while abandon decoration also became a tacit understanding among the architects in the modern
architecture movement. In recent years, however, under the development of aesthetic economy
and digital technology, architectural ornament has returned to our vision again. In this situation,
it is necessary for us to distinguish the changing and constant characters of ornament in history
clearly and establish a proper attitude to today’s trend of ornament return.
Architecture and ornaments are seamlessly connected. Architects in different periods have
different manners toward ornament. To start with, ornament is related to structure, that is to say,
the ornament is not only for aesthetic and optic need, but also play some roles in the nature of
Architecture. Orders in classical architecture is a good example to verify this issue which is both
an ornament and a load-bearing structure in building. Secondly, ornament is about the political
nature of architecture. People always use décor to convey certain information, and the user and
passer-by will be influenced with those ornament. For example, the ornament of the cathedral
used to focus on how to enhance the rights of church, while residence of aristocracy is usual
to show the status of its owner through the magnificent decoration. Therefore, the political of
ornament also imply that the ornament will carry the communication function.
Although the ornament played a vital role in Architecture, it was gradually abandoned by
the architects. Such result is not unrelated to the society development. Science and technology
pushed the industry forward, the enlightenment and social revolutions have led more and
more people to query the authority of Catholic, and the new classes emerged whose call for
new forms of architecture to let people live more comfort. Faced such situations, abandoning
complex decorations seems to be a way to draw a line from the past. From Otto Wagner who
simplified the ornament of architecture, to the “Ornament and Crime” written by Adolf Loos,
and the manifestos of avant-garde in the modern architecture movement, all reflected a process
of abandon ornament in buildings clearly. However, ornament has never disappeared completely
from the architecture, which combination with materials and structure of building make the
architecture itself appear as an ornament in cities. Moreover, we also need to pay attention to the
arisen of critical of modern architecture since the 1960s. Although function plays an important role in modern architecture, pursue a simple form also weakens the connection between architecture and the environment and culture. When the
modern architecture became a boring style, more and more architects were beginning to explore new solutions through theories and praxis. In this
process, ornament has gradually returned to architecture. Architects reinvent ornament to enhance the expression function of architecture, which
contains rich information and gives users unique emotion experience. The building itself has even become a decoration of the city dimension.
In recent years, development of commercial culture and digital technology have also affected architecture. From the perspective of history,
architectural ornament still plays a communication role. Commercialization and digitalization impact the discipline, at the mean time it also brings
new opportunities for ornament. In this context, architects began to turn their attention to facade, and the appearance of the building was more
attractive. Digital technology plays an important role behind this trend, and architects can use computers to create free forms, and the industrial
technology will turn those ideas into real. Architects combined the ornament with the construction, blurring the boundaries between structure and
ornament. Beyond the surface, we should also realize that the interior of the building is also beginning to oppose the dullness, use the ornament to
making a unique architectural atmosphere and providing better architectural experience.
From the long history of architecture, today’s spectacular return of ornament is inevitable. After the development and change in the long years
before modernism and the process of “abandoning” to “recovering” after modernism, it can be seen that the arbitrary abandonment of ornament
will bring some problems. Faced with the impact of today’s technological development and commercial culture, the architectural ornament presents
a returning trend, and architects who want to find a proper ornament in today should understand the meaning and function of the ornament and
combine it with new situation of society. |
| Key words: Architectural Ornament Politics Communication Return |
