| 摘要: |
| 经过三十余年的快速城镇化，我
国城市住宅由传统的低层和多层逐渐变成以
高层为主。然而，对于长期的高层生活会对
居民产生哪些影响这一问题，在国内还缺乏
深入的研究。本文正是聚焦于高层居住环
境宜居性的争论，分析了其产生、兴起、衰
败与复兴的发展逻辑；归纳了世界范围内有
关高层住宅宜居性的研究成果，指出当前两
种较为成功的高层住宅发展模式都是以居
民为核心；继而从实证研究、开发实践和住
房管理三个方面总结了这些国际经验对我国
高层住宅发展的启示；最后，文章指出在我
国人口众多、土地资源紧张、住房需求大的
现实条件下，高层住宅确实是一种必要的住
房解决方案，但是迫切需要对其宜居性进行
深入研究。 |
| 关键词: 新型城镇化 高层住宅 居住环
境 宜居性 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20190207 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目
（18YJCZH073）；教育部哲学社会科学
研究重大课题攻关项目（15JZD025）；
国家自然科学基金国际合作重大项目
（71561137003） |
|
| Livability of High-rise Housing: International Experiences and Implications on China |
|
LI Chenguang,WANG Yaping,SUN Lu
|
| Abstract: |
| After more than 30 years’ rapid urbanization, urban housing style has changed from
simple and traditional single or two-story courtyard buildings to high-rise and high-density
housing estates. However, there is still a lack of in-depth studies on the consequences of longtime
high-rise life. This paper aims to contribute to the debate about the livability of high-rise
residential environment. It analyzes the logic of high-rise housing’s origin, development, decline
and recent revival. The evolution of high-rise housing showed that high residential buildings
have been a practical housing solution to special circumstances mainly for the purpose of
security and economy. The modern high-rise housing estate began to be developed as a modern
housing form based on rationalism and functionalism between the two world wars. After the
Second World War, the massive high-rise housing had been built in order to satisfy the huge
housing demands in a utopian way. Only twenty year later, high-rise housing was stigmatized
and became a problematic housing form rejected by residents due to the emergence of a large
number of environmental, social and economic issues. With the rise of sustainable development
in 1990s, high-rise housing reaccepted as a sustainable housing solution in high-density urban
area, although the controversy on its livability continues.
Through literature review, the paper summarized the negative and positive impact
of high-rise housing on the residents. Some studies indicated that high-rise housing cause
many unpleasant outcomes. Some of them suggested that high-rise housing could result in
social problems, such as the decline of social security, the destruction of community and
neighborhoods. Other scholars concluded that high-rise housing could lead to such physical
and psychological problems as sense of fear, stress, behavior problems, suicide, poor social
relations, reduction of helpfulness, and hindering children’s development. On the other hand,
from the viewpoint of residents, high-rise living is not without its attractiveness. Some studies
have found that more open space between high-rise blocks can help form a space transition from
public, semi-public, semi-private to private, which can give more privacy and space to residents,
and can facilitate casual and social contacts among residents. Other researchers have discussed
that high-rise living could give the residents spectacular view and quietness. Moreover, studies
found that some elements, called moderators, are independent of the high-rise residential
environment per se and may moderate the residents’ experiences of high-rise living.
Based on the fi ndings, two different strategies have been proposed in the different contexts:
a, in the cities of Europe, America and Australia where high-rise housing was one option among
the diversifi ed housing types, high-rise housing estates were usually purpose-built in attractive
locations for special social groups such as students, fashion white-collar workers or wealthy
elderly, who accepted the high-rise life; b. in the Asian high-density cities including Hong Kongand Singapore where high-rise housing was the only option for the majority of families, high-rise housing estates were comprehensively planned,
designed, constructed, managed and maintained in order to provide the livable residential environment that would satisfy the various needs of all
kinds of families, support high-quality living, and continue to be improved through life cycle. The two development strategies were based on the
residents’ perception of the livable high-rise residential environment in the respective macro-context. The former provided the livable high-rise
housing for the special types of households who accepted or preferred to high-rise living, and met their living demands; the later carefully planned
and constructed the livable high-rise housing for the various households according to their diversified housing needs. Both of the two development
patterns were established on the practical experiences and findings of many empirical studies on the livability of high-rise housing.
The late part of the paper reflects on the international experience’s implications on China’s housing development practice from the
perspectives of research, practice and housing management. While high-rise housing in China is still a necessity development approach due to the
country’s high people-land ratio and demand for urban housing, careful researches on its livability are urgently required. |
| Key words: New-type Urbanization High-rise Housing Residential Environment Livability |
