| 摘要: |
| 本文通过实验室实验、主观问卷和
能耗模拟的方法，研究室内健康体育运动中
空气流动对运动状态下人体热舒适的影响及
其节能效果，得出以下结论：运动状态下人体
对温度和风速均有更大的接受和适应范围；
运动强度增加时对风速的需求增加，气流可
通过增加人体表面蒸发和对流散热量而补偿
环境温度的升高，在保证人体舒适的同时显
著节约建筑制冷能耗。基于以上结论探讨了
采用空气流动时室内健康体育运动空间热环
境设计和改进策略。 |
| 关键词: 空气流动 运动健身场所 室内运
动 热舒适 代谢率 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20190205 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:重点产业创新链（群）项（2018ZDCXL-SF-03-
05）；中国博士后基金面上项目（2016M600771）；
中国博士后基金特别资助项目（2018T111024） |
|
| Low Energy Thermal Comfort with Air Movement in Sports Facilities |
|
ZHAI Yongchao,LI Meng,LIANG Bin,YANG Liu
|
| Abstract: |
| With the development of China’s economy and the improvement of people’s living
quality, people are paying more and more attention on doing physical exercise regularly.
Therefore, the demand for indoor spaces such as sports and fitness centers gets higher recently.
Exercising people need lower temperature to maintain comfort because of their higher metabolic
rates, making indoor sports facilities energy intensive in warm climates. In absence of comfort
standard for sports facilities, it is necessary to find efficient cooling strategies in such spaces to
maintain comfortable indoor environment while saving energy. This study aimed to investigate
comfort and energy performance of air movement on cooling exercising people in warm
temperatures.
Twenty subjects (10 men, 10 women) were exposed to four temperatures (20℃, 22℃, 24℃,
26℃, 50% RH) while exercising at 2, 4 and 6 MET on an ergometer for 60 min (20 min for
each MET), during which they could control a ceiling fan based on their thermal preference.
A separate control condition of 20℃ with no fan (20NF) was also tested. The fan power was
monitored to predict the corresponding preferred air speeds (PAP). They were surveyed on their
thermal comfort at the end of each MET session. Energy saving potential with air movement
were conducted using EnergyPlus. The model building was designed to be a 4 000 m2, single
story fitness center. Modifications were made to either meet minimum ventilation requirements
and lighting standards. The energy model was tested in five different cities in different climate
zones (including Harbin, Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Kunming) with changing setpoint
temperature (SP) from 20℃ to 22℃, 24℃, and 26℃.
The current study found that air movement was able to maintain the same level of thermal
comfort at warmer temperatures than a control temperature of 20℃ at 2, 4 and MET. This has
important implication in sports facilities, for which could be cooled with air movement at higher
room setpoint temperatures. The significant energy saving potential should be encouraging
for designer to pursue alternative cooling with air movement in sports facilities. The preferred
air speeds for each MET and temperatures has important implication for conditioning spaces
for different activities in sports facilities. Results showed that human has a greater acceptance
and adaptation range for temperature and air speeds during exercise than sedentary state. The
comfort could be maintained at warmer temperatures up to 26℃ with air movement compared to
20℃ with no air movement at 2, 4 and 6 MET. When the exercise intensity increases, the demand
for air speeds increases. And MET had a significant effect on preferred air speeds especially at 6MET, for which subject preferred 1.2 m/s even at 20℃. The energy saving potential for all cities by increasing setpoint temperature from 20℃ were
18%~41% at 22℃ SP, 38%~72% 24℃ SP and 61%~86% 26℃ SP for different climates. Air movement can compensate for the increase of the ambient
temperature by increasing the surface evaporation and convection heat dissipation of the human body, saving the building cooling energy while
ensuring the comfort of the human body. Compared with the front air supply, the uniform air movement at the top is more effective for improving the
thermal comfort of the human body during exercise.
In conclusion, human thermal comfort could be maintained at warmer temperatures up to 26℃ SP with personal controlled air movement,
compared to 20℃ SP with no air movement. People preferred higher air speeds during exercise than sedentary state. By using air movement in sports
facilities with elevated SP temperature, significant energy can be saved. Relationships of ambient temperature and preferred air speed at different
activity levels were established, which could be used in developing automatic control algorithms for sports facilities. |
| Key words: Air Movement Sports Facilities Indoor Exercise Thermal Comfort Metabolic Rate |
