| 摘要: |
| 石墙是山地城市中的独特景观，
其作为一类受干扰较弱的城市残存近自
然生境，对维持城市生物多样性具有重要
作用。本研究以重庆市主城区石墙景观上
的植物为对象，调查研究其物种组成及特
征，并揭示物种的传播机制和繁殖策略。
结果显示，重庆主城区共有石墙植物2 2 1
种，分属于8 0 科17 5 属；乔木优势种为黄
葛树（Fi c u s v i r e n s），灌木优势种为
密蒙花（Buddl e ja of f i c inal i s）和石岩
枫（Mallotus repandus），草本优势种为蜈
蚣草（Pteris vittata）、蒲儿根（Sinosenecio
oldhamianus）、贯众（Cyrtomium fortunei）、
黄鹌菜（Youngia japonica）和假粗毛鳞盖
蕨（Microlepia pseudostrigosa）。石墙植物
生活型组成以草本植物为主，共有158种，占
物种总数的71.49%，其中多年生草本和一年
生草本分别占42.53%和28.96%；其次为落叶
乔木和常绿灌木，常绿乔木、落叶灌木、常绿和落叶木质藤本较少。石墙植物繁殖方式主要为
种子繁殖和兼性繁殖，繁殖体传播方式主要为风力传播和鸟类传播，分别有119种和60种。石墙
植物以乡土植物占优势，约占物种总数的81.0%。本研究结果可加深公众对石墙景观植被的正确
认识，并为山地城市近自然垂直绿化和立体景观构建提质提供物种资源和配置参照 |
| 关键词: 石墙 物种组成 传播机制 乡土种 垂直绿化 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20180411 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目（51678087）；中
央高校基本科研业务费研究生创新创业项目
（KJYF201722） |
|
| Species Composition and Dispersal Mechanisms of Vascular Plants on Masonry Wall in UrbanAreas of Chongqing |
|
LI Ting,HUANG Li,QIAN Shenhua,YANG Yongchuan
|
| Abstract: |
| Masonry wall is a urban remnant seminatural habitat, and is less disturbed by
human activities in urban ecological systems. Masonry wall forms a unique landscape in the
cities and plays an important role in maintaining urban biodiversity. This study focused on
masonry wall plants in the urban areas of Chongqing, and investigated the species composition
and characteristics, and explored their dispersal mechanisms and propagation strategies. We
recorded 221 masonry species in 175 genera of 80 families. The dominant species was Ficus
virens for trees, Buddleja officinalis and Mallotus repandus for shrubs, and Pteris vittata,
Sinosenecio oldhamianus, Cyrtomium fortunei, Youngia japonica, Microlepia pseudostrigosa
for herbs, respectively. When sorted by the life forms, herbage was dominant type of life form,
and it included 158 species (71.49% of the total number of species; perennial herbs and annual
herbs accounting for 42.53% and 28.96%, respectively). Deciduous trees, evergreen shrubs,
evergreen trees, deciduous shrubs, evergreen and deciduous woody vines were rare. The main
reproductive modes of masonry wall plants were seed reproduction and facultative vegetable
reproduction. The propagule dispersal modes of masonry wall plants were mainly anemochory
and bird dispersal (119 species for anemochory and 60 species for bird dispersal, respectively).
Native plants were the major component of masonry wall plant community, accounting for about
81.0% of the total number of species. The results of this study can enhance public understanding
of the masonry wall plants. It also provides suggestions on species screening and configuration
for near-natural vertical afforestation and vertical landscape construction in mountainous cities. |
| Key words: Masonry Wall Species Composition Dispersal Methods Native Plants Vertical
Afforestation |
