| 摘要: |
| 兼顾车行与步行、而非总是车行优
先的整体街道网络该有怎样的基础模型及其
关键结构逻辑？尽管业界对机动化和步行化
多有研究，但是仍未见就此问题的专门性讨
论，本文即是一次尝试。对步行的尊重与对车
行需求的认可导致本文设定了两个相互钳制
的概念：效率与选择，并由此建立了一系列紧
密关联的参数，如交叉冲突点数、时间效率、
交叉口选择率与流向选择率等。对应性地配
置了5个基础简化模型，它们分别极端性地代
表大街区路网、小街区路网、大街区放射路
网、层级邻接路网与层级交错路网。通过对
这5种模型进行包含上述参数的数据比对，
本文认为层级交错路网的结构逻辑最能符合
可持续低碳发展的要求，最能支持城市的多
样化生活。进一步地，本文讨论了与城市设计
密切相关的4个路网问题，分别是主干性与主
干道、次干道/大街的意义、局部性问题与贯
通性支路的价值，并提出了“效率/选择—形
态”的街道网络研究方法。最后指出，在效率
与选择之间保持平衡的路网布局，其实是城
市设计不可推卸的责任。 |
| 关键词: 街道网络 城市形态 步行/慢行 效率 选择 城市设计 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20170606 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目（51508044） |
|
| Comparative Analysis of Five Models Focused on Efficiency and Choice |
|
ZHENG Xi,WEI Haoyan
|
| Abstract: |
| What kind of fundamental model and vital structural logic can match the whole
street-network that concerns about pedestrians as well as automobiles instead of consistent
priority only for the latter? The question gets rare direct answers, though there is no lack
of study about pedestrianization and motorization. This paper is just a response for it.
Efficiency and choice, two inter-restricting concepts are established owing to the respect
to pedestrian and approval of motorized traffic. Furthermore, several parameters which
correlated with each other somehow, named after amount of intersectional conflict points,
time efficiency, intersection choice and flow choice, etc. come into being. Correspondingly,
five extremely simplified network models, respectively being representations for big-blocks
network, small-blocks network, big-blocks-with-radiate-main-roads network, hierarchy
adjoining network and hierarchy stagger network, have been built up for quantitative and
comparative analysis on above-mentioned parameters. As a conclusion, the vital structural
logic of hierarchy stagger network can best meet requirements of sustainable and low
carbon development, meanwhile supporting diversity of urban life. In addition, this paper
discusses four issues relevant to arterial roads, collector streets, locality and cutthrough,
each meaningful for urban design. All these imply a possibility of the efficiency/choicemorphology
analysis methodology on street-network. Finally, this paper points out that
urban design cannot shirk its duty in configuration of street-network to keep balance
between efficiency and choice. |
| Key words: Street-network Urban Morphology Pedestrian/Low Speed Travelling Efficiency Choice Urban Design |
