Current lighting standards are predominantly formulated based on visual performance, lacking quantitative evidence and intervention thresholds for the non-visual biological effects of long-term dynamic light exposure, especially circadian rhythm regulation, under extreme environments and special medical scenarios. This study aims to elucidate the dose-response relationships between light environments with varying spectral and temporal characteristics and physiological rhythms as well as cognitive rehabilitation across all age groups, and to establish an evidence-based framework for healthy lighting design.The research adopts a multi-modal data fusion strategy across multiple field sites. At China’s Zhongshan Station in Antarctica, an extreme polar night environment with approximately 58 consecutive days of darkness during winter, a 12-year longitudinal intervention study was conducted. The “Antarctic Health Human Factors Cabin” was deployed, and 13 winter-over expedition members (mean age 39.00±9.02 years) participated in the experiment, receiving dynamic circadian lighting interventions including morning arousal and pre-sleep relaxation protocols. Results demonstrated that the intervention significantly improved sleep quality, with PSQI scores decreasing by 13.45% and POMS scores decreasing by 4.09%, indicating significant alleviation of negative emotions. Core body temperature rhythm phases were effectively recalibrated to healthier circadian patterns. In medical rehabilitation settings, the study investigated three distinct application scenarios. First, in intensive care units (ICU), a cross-modal audio-visual intervention paradigm was developed for patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC), integrating blue light stimulation with personalized music to activate brainstem reticular formation through ipRGC pathways and evoke autobiographical memory. A pilot experiment involving 27 healthy subjects confirmed that blue light combined with high-familiarity music produced an 84.4% super-additive arousal effect (p=0.017) compared to the control group. Second, in stroke rehabilitation wards, a 24-hour dynamic lighting system was implemented with morning high-illuminance high-color-temperature stimulation (melanopic EDI ≥1000 lx), daytime neutral illumination (melanopic EDI ≥250 lx), and nighttime low-illuminance warm light (melanopic EDI ≤10 lx). A prospective single-blind randomized controlled trial involving 33 stroke patients (17 intervention, 16 control) over a 20-day period revealed that the intervention group showed significantly greater improvement in Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ-SA) scores (p<0.05) and significantly elevated nocturnal salivary melatonin levels (p<0.05), indicating phase advancement toward a morning-type circadian pattern. Third, in medical wellness centers, dynamic full-color lighting was systematically explored for emotional regulation, with subjective evaluations and multi-modal physiological indicators (ECG, EDA, EEG) demonstrating that dynamic colored light outperformed static white light in enhancing pleasure, satisfaction, and perceived restorativeness. For all-age populations, differentiated intervention strategies were developed. In children and adolescents, the study synthesized evidence on myopia prevention through low-intensity long-wavelength red light (Zhou et al., 9-month intervention, 105 participants), full-spectrum indoor lighting (Bao et al., 12-month intervention, 45 participants), and vitamin D synthesis associated with sufficient sunlight exposure (Yazar et al., 946 young adults), demonstrating that light exposure contributes to myopia control through multiple pathways including retinal dopamine regulation and vitamin D metabolism. For elderly populations (over 320 million in China), a laboratory-to-home validationapproach was adopted with 76 participants and 647 saliva samples collected over a three-month period. Results revealed that pre-sleep melanopic EDI at ≤50 lx fell within a physiological inert zone, causing no clinically significant melatonin suppression, while the effective detection rate of dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) was significantly lower in elderly populations compared to younger cohorts. For postpartum women with depressive tendencies (EPDS≥9), a 28- day home-based lighting intervention with 30 participants demonstrated significant improvements in EPDS and POMS scores, with stable improvements in subjective emotional states, sleep duration, sleep quality, and salivary melatonin levels observed after two weeks. For aircraft cabin environments, on-site measurements revealed uneven illuminance distribution and low daytime melanopic EDI levels. A scenario-based dynamic lighting strategy was proposed covering all flight phases: boarding with dynamic colored light (blue-orange combinations) to alleviate flight anxiety, daytime cruising with high color temperature and high m-EDI white light to maintain alertness, nighttime cruising with low-illuminance long-wavelength red light to preserve circadian stability, and descent with progressively increasing illuminance and color temperature to facilitate smooth awakening and circadian re-synchronization. To optimize spectral power distribution (SPD) for circadian effects, five lighting scenarios were tested using a four-primary-color mixing method with 16 participants. Eye-tracking metrics including blink frequency, eye closure duration, and pupil diameter were measured, combined with the psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) and subjective visual comfort assessments. Results demonstrated that short-wavelength-dominant high-melanopic lighting reduced fatigue and sleepiness but decreased visual comfort, while long-wavelength-dominant low-melanopic lighting improved subjective comfort but reduced alertness and response speed, highlighting the need for balancing circadian stimulation with visual comfort. Through the above multi-scenario empirical studies, this research establishes an evidence-based healthy lighting design framework and quantifies the efficacy boundaries of light intervention across different populations and environments, providing scientific foundations for optimizing lighting standards in both extreme and daily living conditions.