Abstract: As a quintessential example integrating advanced Western architectural technology with traditional Chinese styles, the construction of Sun Yat-sen’s Memorial Hall in Guangzhou reflects global technology transfer and localized innovation in early 20th-century China. This study systematically analyzes the Memorial Hall’s construction technology based on historical documents, engineering archives, and original architectural drawings. It focuses on four key aspects: the project’s modern organizational structure, its global-local material procurement system, the design of the large-span steel structure, and the innovative application of prefabrication in shaping a modern Chinese architectural identity. The project serves as an important case for understanding technological transformation in modern Chinese architecture. The project adopted a modern tripartite management framework consisting of the client (the Organizing Committee), the architect (Y. C. Lu,Architect), and construction contractors. This structure facilitated efficient collaboration, with the architect holding extensive authority over design, supervision, and payment approval to ensure quality control. International contractors such as Andersen, Meyer & Co., Ltd. served as technical integrators, providing services ranging from design to construction, while local contractors like Wu Qiaoji demonstrated significant innovation in craftsmanship. This system signaled the evolution of China’s construction industry from traditional artisan-led practices to a modern, professionally managed system. Material selection followed a multi-layered logic that balanced global sourcing with local practices. Structurally critical components used high-quality international materials such as American Bethlehem steel and Oregon pine. For building enclosure systems, locally sourced bricks and sand were used alongside cement from the advanced Taishan Cement Company, supporting domestic industrial development. Decorative elements integrated Chinese and Western aesthetics, combining imported Italian marble and French mosaics with Chinese products such as Foshan glazed tiles and Shanghai Taishan facade tiles. This global supply network was enhanced by local technical innovations like the “Italian Plastering” technique developed by contractor Wu Qiaoji. The intentional selection of high-quality domestic materials also stimulated national industrial progress, embodying the contemporary ethos of “promoting industry through engineering.” A central technical achievement was the long-span steel structure that created a column-free hall seating 5,000 people. This was accomplished through collaboration between architect Y. C. Lu and Chinese engineers Li Keng and Feng Baoling of Andersen, Meyer & Co., Ltd. The firm acted as a turnkey contractor under a “compradoric” technology transfer model, importing 650 tons of American steel and overseeing detailed design and on-site erection to mitigate implementation risks. The structural engineers optimized Lu’s original design by replacing the proposed Howe trusses with more economical Fink trusses and refining the central octagonal truss with V-bracing for enhanced stability. The resulting composite system—integrating trusses, bracing, and reinforced concrete shear walls—became a landmark of pre-war Chinese structural engineering. Notably, the steel roof was ingeniously adapted to emulate the traditional Chinese roof curvature (ju-zhe). By applying the “step-frame” (bu-jia) principle to adjust truss node heights, an illusion of the traditional curved roof silhouette was created using a series of straight, linear components. The pioneering use of prefabricated assembly represented a paradigm shift from formal imitation to technological innovation in developing a “Chinese inherent style.” To reduce structural load and expedite construction, the octagonal roof was constructed using standardized, factory-precast reinforced concrete panels. These lightweight units were designed with integral supports and interlocking grooves, forming a sturdy roof deck when assembled on-site. An improved panels-fixing system—using embedded iron wires in precast panels and steel bars in cast-in-place sections—secured glazed tiles more effectively than earlier methods used in the Nanjing Sun Yat-sen’s Mausoleum. Additionally, non-structural eave components, such as dougong brackets, were prefabricated using reinforced artificial stone and assembled on-site. This converted traditionally load-bearing elements into durable, decorative modules finished with colored cement plaster to replicate traditional painting, enhancing weather resistance while demonstrating how industrial methods could reinterpret classical architectural language. In conclusion, the construction of Sun Yat-sen’s Memorial Hall in Guangzhou represents a critical synthesis of technology in modern Chinese architecture. By integrating global technologies with regional resources and local craftsmanship, it set a new benchmark for large-scale public projects. Its holistic approach—spanning organizational, material, structural, and prefabrication systems—exemplifies a creative adaptation of international technology to express national cultural identity. This study not only elucidates the technical details of the building, providing a foundation for its informed conservation, but also contributes to understanding broader technological transformation in 20th-century Chinese architecture, marking a significant transition from external imitation to endogenous innovation.