The Material Construction Project for Tianjin Special Municipality City compiled by Liang Sicheng and Zhang Rui in 1930 was a systematic modern urban planning completely completed by the Chinese people in modern China. The article discusses the complex historical environment of the planning from the two aspects of urban development background and spatial form. By sorting out the historical data of the plan and comparing with the urban planning of other big cities in the same period, the main contents and ideas of the project are comprehensively analyzed. At that time, in addition to the common problems faced by Chinese cities such as internal and external troubles and the turmoil of the current situation, there were also unique problems experienced by Tianjin in the preparation of urban planning, which were mainly reflected in the fact that the planning faced the dilemma of uncertain administrative system and the coexistence of cities and counties, the complex status quo of urban built-up areas and the inconsistency of powers. At the time of the preparation of the plan, there were three major space types in Tianjin: firstly, the city area developed from the traditional “Tianjin Acropolis” planning was the spatial form of “Square city, cross street. ”; secondly, the “Hebei New District” area built by Yuan Shikai during the New Deal period was an urban area where Chinese people imitate the concession model for construction ; the third was the concession area of each country, with a total area of about 1 557 hectares, which was in a “collage” state according to different countries. The three major areas were not the same in terms of urban spatial form, social and cultural ecology, municipal construction foundation, and urban management. With the introduction of modern urban planning from the West to China, major cities in China had carried out various planning attempts, showing diversified results. Among the many urban planning practices at that time, the most influential one should be the Capital Plan of Nanjing. The Material Construction Project for Tianjin Special Municipality City was illustrated, including 25 chapters and 22 drawings. The content was mainly divided into three parts: material construction foundation, urban functional composition planning and urban financial planning. The structure of each planning content of the plan was basically the same. Firstly, it introduced the universal urban planning rules and contents, and then it introduced the planning principles and implementation experience of European and American urban planning. Therefore, the planning results could be used as the guidance for most cities to carry out urban planning. The next plan was to plan for the urban situation of Tianjin, put forward specific measures, and clarify the reasons. From the vertical dimension of the planning system, the whole plan was very close to the later urban master plan in the compilation style, and had the content of some urban regulatory detailed planning and planning implementation guarantee, andhad a relatively complete planning system. From the horizontal dimension of the planning and operation system of the combination of editing and management, the scheme not only had the technical content of planning, but also the content of urban management and management. From the perspective of the time dimension of the dynamic cycle of planning and implementation, the plan had carried out some phased construction arrangements. From the quantitative dimension of the index system, there were many references to the Capital Plan in terms of universal planning indicators, but perhaps it was the reason for the rushed preparation time. Unlike the Capital Plan, the program had less or even no analysis of the status quo of most of the planning content, so there was a lack of index guidance on the specific planning content for Tianjin. In terms of planning thought, the plan mainly embodied the thought of social reform, the thought of urban operation and management, the thought of certain social equity, the thought of regional planning, the thought of overall planning and stage construction, and the thought of hexagon planning theory. Therefore, the plan was not only a technical level of urban planning, but also touched the content of social change and urban development planning. This was very advanced in the context and trend of modern urban planning introducing China’s more emphasis on planning techniques. The significance of the current development of China’s urban planning also has great inspiration. The research shows that this urban planning exploration, as the first planning in China to coordinate the traditional Chinese urban form, the concession urban form and the bottom-up selfdeveloped urban form in a planning, had a leading position in the history of modern Chinese urban planning. It reflected the Chinese people’s understanding of modern urban planning, played a role in the enlightenment of modern urban planning ideas, showed the development context of modern urban planning in China, and marked the qualitative change of the degree of specialization of Tianjin urban planning.