The sustainable development of human settlements is an important support for building a beautiful China with harmonious coexistence between man and nature, and is also the core content of the United Nations 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It is an urgent need for sustainable development of urban human settlements to construct evaluation index system and scientifically judge the development stage, development quality and development degree of urban human settlements. In the 1950s, C. A. Doxiadis founded the theory of “human settlement science”, and after integrating Dao’s views, Wu Liangyong founded the concept of “science of human settlement” in China. After the discussion of human settlements at the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment in 1972, the concept of sustainable development was proposed in 1987. Afterwards, the concept of sustainable development of human settlements was defined at the Second United Nations Conference on Human Settlements in 1996. In 2015, the proposal of SDGs proposed by the United Nations further enhanced the understanding of sustainable development of human settlements.This study based on the results regarding the evaluation on sustainable development of global urban human settlements from the Web of Science, it’s found that : 1) the development of evaluation research on sustainable development of urban human settlements was divided into the embryonic stage (1991-2002), the initial stage (2003-2014) and the rapid development stage (after 2015); 2) The institutions with the largest number of publications on the evaluation of sustainable development of urban human settlements are mainly distributed in China, Germany and the United States. The top three institutions were the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Helmholtz Association and the University of California; 3) Evaluation of sustainable development of global urban human settlements mainly focuses on research data and methods, evaluation dimensions and evaluation indicators; 4) The assessment of sustainable development of urban human settlements is closely related to the assessment of SDGs, with most studies concentrated on SDG11 (Sustainable cities and communities), SDG15 (Terrestrial biology), and SDG13(Climate action). Basically, numerous different types of index systems have been constructed for the evaluation of sustainable development of urban human settlements. Internationally, “livability” and “quality of urban life” are mainly taken as the themes guiding the construction of sustainable development of urban human settlements, and the evaluation dimensions focus on urban safety, convenience of infrastructure, social harmony, health and comfort of life, etc. From the perspectives of “quality of urban human settlement environment”, “livable city”, “suitability of humansettlement environment” and“ urban resilience”, domestic scholars mainly focus on the dimensions of living environment, ecological environment, infrastructure and public service environment as well as social and economic environment.For a long time, most of the data used in the evaluation of sustainable development of urban human settlement environment based on the index system are mainly statistical data. With the progress of science and technology, Big Earth Data such as the remote sensing data, POI data and network big data are gradually widely used in the evaluation of human settlement environment.There are synergistic relationships (mutual promotion) and tradeoff relationships(mutual restriction)between the goals and indicators of the evaluation index system. At present, there are few researches on urban human settlement environment evaluation, most of which focus on the interrelationship of SDGs related to human settlement environment, providing references for the realization of the sustainable development goal of urban human settlement environment. In recent years, the localization of the implementation, monitoring and evaluation of the SDGs has become a hot topic at the United Nations High-Level International Forum on the SDGS, focusing on the sustainable development Goals of cities, regular monitoring, review, evaluation and optimization of implementation strategies at the local and city levels, and many explorations have been carried out regarding urban and rural planning, remote sensing, urban informatics and big data.With SDG11 as the core and other SDGs indicators combined, this study proposed a sustainable development index system framework of urban human settlements based on SDGs localization indicators from five dimensions including living environment, ecological environment, social and economic environment, infrastructure environment and public service environment, which may provide scientific references for the comparative study of different types of urban human settlements environment evaluation. On the whole, some progress has been made in the evaluation of sustainable development of urban human settlements at home and abroad, but there are still some deficiencies. In the future, it is still necessary to improve the construction of the evaluation index system for the sustainable development of urban human settlements, promote the evaluation research on the sustainable development of urban human settlements through multi-source big earth data, and explore the coordination and tradeoff relationship between the sustainable development goals and indicators of urban human settlements. It may provide references for China to implement the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and promote the sustainable development of urban human settlements.