In the context of globalization and localization, regional architecture is facing multiple challenges, including the integration of traditional cultural heritage with modern technological innovations, as well as meeting the demands for environmental adaptability and sustainable development. This paper aims to explore the concept of “New Regional Architecture” in China, its core principles, and its future directions, with a particular focus on how this approach seeks to balance cultural preservation with technological advancements while responding to pressing environmental concerns. The study begins with an examination of the development of regional architecture theory, highlighting a significant shift from earlier approaches that emphasized the preservation of local architectural styles to a more contemporary focus on the fusion of technology, culture, and ecological adaptability. This theoretical shift represents a response to the global challenges of urbanization and modernization while maintaining regional identities and addressing local environmental conditions.In the early stages, regional architecture primarily emphasized the continuity of traditional architectural forms and materials, serving as a symbol of cultural identity. However, the rapid pace of global technological advancements, coupled with the growing urgency to address environmental issues such as climate change, has led to a reevaluation of this paradigm. As a result, the theory of New Regional Architecture emerged, advocating for a dynamic and integrated approach that goes beyond simple cultural preservation. It now emphasizes the need for a fusion of modern technologies with traditional cultural elements, creating buildings that are both innovative and contextually appropriate. This theoretical evolution is essential for ensuring that buildings continue to serve both the practical needs of modern society and the cultural significance of regional traditions.The paper also examines “New Mongolian Architecture”, a specific case of New Regional Architecture, which highlights how architectural practices in areas with extreme climates, such as the Inner Mongolian Plateau, have integrated these evolving principles. The central tenets of new Mongolian architecture— “Inherit Tradition, Integrate Nature, and Low Construction” — are explored in detail, showing how they have been applied to the challenges of building in harsh climates and socio-economic conditions. These principles are not only about preserving the traditional forms and techniques of regional architecture but also about adapting these practices to modern needs using innovative building technologies. For example, in projects like the Ulan Chabu Migrant House in the Siziwang Banner, the traditional Mongolian yurt design was adapted using modern materials and technologies such as standard laminated timber frames and prefabricated wall systems, resulting in an energy-efficient structure that preserves cultural heritage while addressing contemporary needs. Moreover, the concept of integrating natural surroundings into architectural design is a significant aspect of New Mongolian Architecture. By studying specific projects like the Mazong Mountain Visitor Center and the Engbei Desert Science Museum, the paper highlights how architecture can be designed to adapt to local climate conditions, including the extremes of temperature and wind common in these areas. Theseprojects utilize passive design strategies such as natural ventilation, solar gain, and thermal mass to enhance comfort and reduce energy consumption, exemplifying how regional architecture can be both ecologically sustainable and culturally rich. This integration of nature not only minimizes the reliance on external energy sources but also contributes to a deeper connection between the built environment and the natural landscape, which is central to the philosophy of New Regional Architecture.The paper concludes by emphasizing the importance of future research in breaking the traditional boundaries between disciplines such as architecture, technology, ecology, and culture. The future direction of New Regional Architecture lies in fostering interdisciplinary collaboration to address the complexities of modern urban environments while maintaining regional and cultural specificity. The paper argues that the future of regional architecture should focus on context-specific, small-scale solutions that respect both the physical environment and cultural traditions. By incorporating technological advancements and cultural understanding, regional architecture can contribute to a more sustainable and culturally diverse built environment, providing a model for other regions and countries facing similar challenges. Ultimately, this paper seeks to offer both theoretical insights and practical applications that could guide the future development of regional architecture in China and beyond. The integration of cultural and technological aspects in architecture will continue to be a defining characteristic of the built environment in the 21st century, and this study provides an important framework for understanding how architecture can evolve in response to global pressures while remaining rooted in local traditions and environmental needs.