The deterioration of the current climate situation has led to frequent occurrences of extreme weather around the world, and typhoons, storm surges and other meteorological and water hazards pose a serious security threat to China’s coastal cities. Emergency shelters are an important infrastructure to ensure the safety of cities in disaster scenarios. Therefore, the article takes the typical coastal city of Xiamen as an example to analyze the disaster impacts and evaluate the distribution, accessibility, and serviceability of emergency shelters under storm surge disaster scenarios, to provide certain references for the urban resilience construction of coastal cities under storm surge disaster scenarios. The first and second chapters of the article are a review of the research on the two keywords of storm surge disaster and emergency shelter, a logical establishment of the simulation scenario of storm surge disaster and the research on the configuration and evaluation of emergency shelters. Starting from Chapter 3 is the design and experimental calculation part of the study, Chapter 3 first assumes a storm surge sea level rise scenario and conducts a questionnaire survey to validate the necessity of the study further, and then conducts a simulation operation of sea level rise and counts the urban infrastructures that may be affected, the result showed Xiamen’s 331 and 632 important urban infrastructures will be at risk of sea level rise of 1.08 m and 4.92 m, respectively. Chapter 4 is about the study of emergency shelters, firstly, the number of configurations, distribution density, and crowd carrying capacity were analyzed; then, three evacuation scenarios in disasters were assumed (Scenario A: schools, healthcare facilities, transportation stations, and commercial residences in the affected area as the starting point, and shelters as the endpoint; Scenario B: urban road intersections within the affected area as the starting point, and shelters as the endpoint; Scenario C: other shelters to the fixed emergency shelters) were analyzed for the accessibility of emergency evacuation sites, followed by an analysis of the functional mix of the city which the Shannon Diversity Index reflected, and the service area of the evacuation site. Chapter 5 provides a descriptive evaluation of the distribution and configuration of emergency shelters in Xiamen, and makes recommendations for upgrading the number and increasing the variety of configurations. Finally, Chapter 6 summarizes the full study and draws the following conclusions. (1)Coastal cities like Xiamen face risks from sea-level rise, including seawater inundation, urban flooding, and storm surges. Although early warnings for such disasters are possibly provided alerts by emergency and meteorological departments, because people may struggle to find refuge due to inadequate shelter distribution or evacuation guidance in disasters involving heavy rainfall and storm surges. (2) Stormwater impact mainly lies in the complex bay area, and the simulation of the potential risk areas in Xiamen City, including the northern part of Xiamen Island, Haicang District and Xiang’an District south of the coastal areas, Haicang North, Jimei South, Tong’an and Xiang’an junction and other inlets or bay terrain. Xiamen City, more than Ⅲ emergency shelter crowd carrying capacity does not fully match the population distribution, the southern Jimei District and Xiang’an District,lack central Xiamen Island, Xiamen is more perfect but the carrying capacity of the centre compared to the population distribution in the west. As the “new development pole” of Xiamen, Xiang’an District is weak in terms of emergency shelters, the future development should increase the construction layout of transportation, health care, and living supply facilities. transportation, medical and living supply facilities should be increased in the urban construction process. (3) The coverage of evacuation sites in the off-island area is insufficient, which may be because the road network is not as rich and complete as the on-island area and the distribution of evacuation sites is relatively small. After adding hospitals and schools as evacuation sites, the coverage of the service area is significantly improved, and the hospital and school complexes can effectively increase the carrying capacity of evacuation sites, especially for disaster scenarios such as typhoons, storm surges, and torrential rains, in which outdoor evacuation is not possible. (4) The number of facilities that can provide emergency rescue, external transportation and living services in the service area of emergency shelters outside of Xiamen Island, except for the southern part of Jimei District, is on the low side, and the degree of mixing of urban functions is low, so that there may be hidden dangers in guaranteeing rescue, material and transportation services in times of disaster. A greater mix of urban functions would help to improve this and increase people’s sense of security.