In the process of urbanization, due to the loss of population and the rupture of historical context and other reasons, many villages, especially traditional villages with rich cultural resources, their internal environment and traditional features have been changed and destroyed in various forms, and the problems of cultural landscape construction have emerged in an endless stream. Traditional village cultural landscape is an important part of the cultural diversity of our country, its demise is bound to hinder the process of cultural Renaissance, so the protection and activation of traditional village cultural landscape is urgent. Since the 21st century, the protection of traditional villages has attracted more and more attention, and the state and other places have established “traditional villages directory” to assist the protection and development of traditional villages. The development of traditional village cultural landscape is also ushered in a new historical opportunity, and needs to find a guiding method and theoretical basis to keep pace with The Times to realize the new era value. At present, the theory of digital protection has played an important role in the field of intangible cultural heritage, and also provided new technical support for the protection of cultural landscape of traditional villages. At the same time, the proposal of landscape gene theory also provides a new idea for the study of traditional village cultural landscape. Based on this, this paper attempts to take traditional villages in Gaochun District as an example, introduce new theoretical methods of cultural landscape research, and explore the digital protection of traditional village cultural landscape in Gaochun District based on GIS technology. Taking Gaochun District of Nanjing as an example, this paper constructs the spatial database of traditional village cultural landscape in Gaochun District with the help of database technology and ArcGIS platform. Through the organization of spatial data, attribute data and media data, the spatial location information and characteristic information of traditional village landscape genes in Gaochun district are stored and processed, and displayed in the form of map visualization, so as to realize digital protection and provide guarantee for the lasting retention of traditional village cultural landscape in Gaochun district. Firstly, the gene of traditional village landscape in Gaochun district was analyzed. The relevant research methods of landscape gene theory were used to classify and recognize traditional village landscape genes, and finally identified as environmental characteristics, layout characteristics, architectural characteristics and cultural characteristics. Natural environment, human environment, village form, spatial layout, traditional residential architecture, subjective public architecture, detailed decoration, cultural thought, art culture and folk custom 10 categories; It is further subdivided into 21 subcategories. It provides data support for the subsequent construction of landscape gene spatial database. Because landscape gene theory has a unique advantage in the interpretation of cultural landscape, cultural landscape recognition under the landscape gene theory includes not only the environmental factors affecting the formation of cultural landscape, but also the rich connotation of cultural landscape. Based on this, on the basis of the existing digital protection methods, combined with the landscape gene theory, this paper introduced GIS platform and proposed the establishment of traditional village landscape gene spatial database in Gaochun district to realize the digital protection of traditional village cultural landscape in Gaochun district in a more comprehensive way. In the process of constructing digital protection approach, digital protection theory and landscape gene theory provide solid theoretical support, and database construction technology and GIS technology are introduced as key technologies. As an important technology of data retention in digital protection, database construction plays an important role in the current digital protection field. GIS has the function of storing attribute data and spatial data. Using the data storage function and spatial analysis function provided by GIS can realize the matching of landscape genes and spatial environment, which is also the basis of the realization of landscape gene spatial database. The spatial database system of traditional village landscape gene in Gaochun district stored the detailed information of regional landscape gene, so as to realize the subsequent update and maintenance of landscape gene information. The construction of the database is based on the geospatial database of ArcGIS. According to the classification and identification results of traditional village landscape genes in Gaochun District in Chapter 3, various landscape genes are classified and encoded in the database table. Finally, coding information, feature information and media information of landscape genes are imported into Geodatabase to realize the construction of landscape gene spatial database.