Abstract:With the rapid development of urbanization and industrialization in China, the rural human settlement space is undergoing drastic changes. These changes are mainly reflected in the following aspects, the rural hollowing caused by population outflow, the idleness of rural farmers’ residential housing and the inefficient use of rural construction land. With the continuous advancement of urbanization, the number of rural residents will continue to decrease in the future, the same is true of the demand for human settlement space. Therefore, rural contraction and spatial reconstruction are inevitable trends. However, in the process of the continuous decrease of rural resident population, in many villages, the phenomenon of empty-disusing houses and the growth of residential space coexists. On the one hand, the rural resident population has been greatly reduced, on the other hand, the rural human settlement space continues to grow. This “unbalanced man-land relationship” has seriously restricted the rational utilization of rural land resources and the orderly development of rural space. Then, under the background of rural revitalization in the new era, it is desiderate to pay attention and research these important practical problems, including, how to deal with the shrinking rural population, how to resolve the contradiction of “population shrinkage and land expansion”, how to improve the utilization efficiency of rural land resources, and how to promote the healthy and orderly development of rural space. From the existing research literature, it is difficult to adapt to the requirements of rural transformation and change in the new era by relying on the traditional single perspective of rural settlements research, and it is also impossible to deeply understand the complex mechanism behind the change of rural human settlements space. Therefore, it is urgent to carry out systematic research on the evolution process of rural human settlements from a new perspective. Although there have been some typical case studies of rural human settlements from the perspective of shrinkage, studies on the process of rural human settlements change and the type of shrinkage evolution at the county scale are still rare. This paper takes 107 county spatial units in Shaanxi Province as research objects, and collects the data of rural resident population and rural residential land in each county. Then, this paper selects a series of indicators, including dynamic degree of rural residential land, nuclear density of rural settlements, elasticity coefficient of rural human settlement space change, and so on. Afterwards, using GIS spatial analysis method, this paper reveals the ?楨湡瑮敧湥猠楴癲敥?慤測搠?数捡潴湩潡浬椠挊慤汩?畴獲敩?潵晴?牯畮爠慣汨?牲敡獣楴摥敲湩瑳楴慩汣?氠慡湮摤??慶湯摬?潴扩橯敮挠瑴楹癰敥汳礠?灦爠潲浵潲瑡敬搠??瑭桡敮?獳桥牴楴湬步慭来敮?漠晩?爠畓牨慡污?牸敩猠楐摲敯湶瑩楮慣汥?猠瀊慏据攠??????楡湳慩汳氬礠??捩潳洠扰楡湰敥摲?睡楴瑴桥?瑰桴敳?慴捯琠異慲汯?摯敳癥攠污潮灤洠敥湸瑰?潯晲?匠桡愠慳湥硲楩?偳爠潯癦椠湳捭敡??琠桳敨?晩潮汫汩潮睧椠湰条?晨潳甠牯?愠獲灵敲捡瑬獨?慭牡敮?灳牥潴灴潬獥敭摥?瑴漠??灡牣潥洠潩瑮攠?瑨桡敡?獸浩愠牐瑲?獶桩牮楣湥欮椠渊杉?瀠慳瑵桭?潡晲?爬甠牴慨汥?桦畩浮慡湬?獲敥瑳瑵汬整浳攠湯瑦猠??睥栠楳捴桵?慹爠敡?捥氠慡獳猠楦景楬敬摯?灳漺氠椱挩礠??灯汭愠渲渰椰渰朠?捯漠渲琰爱漵氬??汨慥渠摲?浲慡湬愠杲敥浳敩湤瑥?慴湩摡?爠畡牲慥污?杣潯癮整物湮慵湥捤攠??唠湧摲敯牷??瑷桨敩?扥愠捴歨来爠潲畵湲摡?漠晨?牭畡牮愠氊?牵敡癮楴瑩慴汹椠穤慥瑣楲潥湡??瑤栌楷獨?慣牨琠楳捨汯敷?捤愠湡?瀠牯潢癶楩摯敵?猠捣楨敡湲瑡楣晴楥捲?摳整捩楣獳椬漠湴?浡慴欠楩湳朠“扰慯獰極獬?晴潩牯?琠桳敨?潩灮瑫楡浧楥稠慡瑮楤漠湬?慮湤搠?桸楰条桮?煩畯慮氝椮琠祁?摴敥癲攠氲漰瀱洵攬渠瑴?潥映?牵畲牡慬氠??桳畩浤慥湮?獩敡瑬琠污敲浥敡渠琊?獥灣慲捥敡?楥湤?匠桴慨慥渠硳楨?偩牮潫癩楮湧挠整?end of rural living space began to gradually appear. 2) The large and medium-sized cities in Guanzhong Plain mainly include Xi’an, Baoji, Weinan, and Xianyang. The rural residential land in the province is concentrated in the surrounding areas of the main urban areas of these cities. The distribution of rural residential in Northern Shaanxi is relatively scattered, mainly concentrated in Beiluo River, Wuding River and other basins, which showing a zonal distribution. In southern Shaanxi, the distribution of these rural settlements is mainly concentrated in the Hanzhong Basin and the Danjiang River Valley. 3) From 2010 to 2018, the types of rural human settlement in counties of Shaanxi Province have undergone great changes. The evolution types have mainly changed from dilution type to atrophy and contraction type. Among them, the dilution type is characterized by “population shrinkage and land expansion”, while the atrophy type and contraction type are all characterized by “population shrinkage and land shrinkage” situation. In terms of quantity, the total number of atrophy type and contraction type counties is 67, accounting for 62.62% of all counties. Then, the main driving factor that makes the rural human settlement space in Shaanxi Province shift from growth to contraction is the town and village comprehensive reform, with the main content is village relocation and combination. To a certain extent, this reform has realized the