Chinese traditional villages and dwellings have a long history and a wide range of distribution. In the long-term development process, affected by the regional environment, climate characteristics, human history and other factors, they have formed a variety of residential types. Dongyang City, in the middle of Zhejiang Province, has been the hometown of architecture since ancient times, with many construction craftsmen and excellent construction skills. The traditional villages are often composed of “thirteen rooms” as a typical unit, emphasizing the integration of the village with the surrounding environment and natural scenery. At the same time, Dongyang is located in the subtropical monsoon climate zone, with high temperature and rainy in summer and cold and dry in winter. Measures such as heat protection, rain protection, moisture protection, ventilation, and wind protection are taken to prevent the indoor temperature from being too high and humid, which will affect the living environment quality of residents. Taking Hengtang Village, Liushi Street, a typical traditional village in Jinyang City as an example, this study restored the layout mode of the village by consulting historical data and field mapping, and established envi-met calculation model to simulate the wind speed, temperature and humidity of the important nodes of the village. In this paper, a typical type of three-section compound residential building, “thirteen rooms”, is selected to establish a Phenix calculation model to simulate the actual indoor ventilation of traditional residential houses. The wind speed, temperature and humidity of the village lane and important public space were recorded by on-site instrument measurements. Based on the measured, simulated and measured data, this paper discusses the climate adaptability strategy of the traditional construction methods of Dongyang residential buildings from aspects of the village planning and residential houses. First of all, through the research and analysis of the location and orientation, roadway and vents, water system and vegetation of traditional villages, it is found that in the overall planning level, Dongyang traditional houses pay attention to the optimal location, and use the surrounding natural environment to improve the microclimate of villages. The overall layout pays attention to the group optimization effect, and the residential buildings adopt the construction mode of high-density on the ground floor to form a good mutual shading effect. It also pays attention to the construction of village node space and roadway space, and uses the enlarged opening of the roadway to introduce the dominant wind in summer. The north-south lanes are narrow and deep, and properly reverse and block the north wind in winter. In addition, to meeting the spiritual needs, the village landscape also pays attention to the reasonable collocation of water system, greening, square and other landscape elements to form the temperature and humidity difference as well as strengthen the effect of stack-ventilation. Then, the spatial form and building materials of the single residential buildings are studied. It is found that in terms of the construction of single residential houses, Dongyang residential buildings form a vertical space of stack-ventilation through the bright hall and the courtyard to promote the air circulation. The veranda, open hall and attic are used as thermal buffer space to isolate the heat in summer, so as to achieve good heat insulation and self-shading effect. Take advantage of the east-west lanes and the veranda around the bright hall to form a cold lane to improve natural ventilation. The building interface adopts the combination of external solid and internal virtual, and the hollow brick wall and the wood internal wall are organically combined to form the internal environment with the bright hall as the heat conversion center. In the process of modern residential buildings, most of them consider to solve the problem of thermal comfort through the thermal control measures of a single building, which can bring higher energy consumption and not necessarily achieve better thermal comfort effect. The traditional residential buildings in Hengtang Village pursue systematic climate adaptive design strategy in the aspects of village group planning and individual residential buildings. Through the comprehensive utilization of space and materials, the optimization effect of group combination is formed, which makes up for the disadvantage of poor thermal performance of individual materials. Its ecological wisdom and technical strategy are worthy of in-depth study and reference. This study mainly analyzes the thermal environment in summer. In the future, it can further explore the wind environment, thermal environment, air tightness of building doors and windows, thermal insulation performance of materials and other issues in transition season and winter, and provide valuable methods and ideas for modern green rural planning and architectural design.