In the era of popularization and rapid development of Internet, e-commerce, which breaks through time and space restrictions, has deeply entered people’s daily life with its features of high efficiency and convenience, and the widespread phenomenon of people shopping online without leaving their homes is one of the strong evidences. E-shopping has changed people’s living habits and consumption patterns. With the continuous improvement in residents’ living efficiency and living quality, the logistics terminal express industry develops rapidly under the promotion of logistics economy. The hot issues about “the last kilometer of express delivery” and its location layout have been discussed by more and more scholars all over the world. Previous researches on these topics are mainly focusing on the layout and development of logistics and warehousing, express delivery modes, characteristics of self-pick-up points and optimization of the construction of the last mile logistics networks. Studies of Cainiao stations are mainly about the development and optimization of its network, its significance to logistics geography and its relationship with social phenomena. In a word, there is a lack of systematic research on Cainiao stations in one case city, especially on the relationship between Cainiao stations and urban development. In this paper, based on the POI data of Cainiao stations in Dongguan, the economic and social information such as managing types and service subjects of Cainiao stations were explored. The spatial distribution patterns were also revealed with ArcGIS tools. Besides, SPSS was used to establish a regression model to analyze the relationship among Cainiao stations, urban development planning, residents and enterprises. A basic formula for predicting the population based on the number of Cainiao stations was primarily built. Conclusions are as follows. Firstly, results demonstrate that 97% of Cainiao stations in Dongguan rely on a store, with the Meiyijia convenience store as the main partner, and there is a mutually beneficial relationship between managing objects and the stations. Cainiao stations mostly provide service for multiple subjects at the same time, in which community and enterprise account for the largest proportion. Eighty percent sites are within 70 m from their subjects based on the principle of proximity. Secondly, it indicates that the overall distribution of Cainiao stations in Dongguan is relatively random, and the cluster area is not obvious. It presents a multi-core pattern of northwest to southeast trend, consistent with the shape of the city. The core areas are Dongcheng street and Nancheng street, and the small-scale concentration is formed by town districts. Each center is far apart. The hot spot area of Cainiao stations shows the vertical extension to the north with Humen Town and Chang’an Town as the starting points, and the cold spot area is extended like Chinese character “八” with Zhongtang Town and Shipai Town as the starting points. The hot and cold areas are generally umbrella-shaped. Thirdly, there are more Cainiao stations which providing logistics service in the key area of urban development planning. Through its number, the leading and dominant area of the city in the future can be inferred indirectly. In addition, on the one hand, Cainiao stations are more densely distributed in areas with a large number of permanent residents where the living needs are diverse, and the online shopping capacity is relatively high; on the other hand, industrial and commercial enterprises are the main actors of regional economy, and all kinds of buildings are the space where many middle-aged and young commuters work in. Owing to the above reasons, the number of enterprises can reflect not only the economic prosperity but also the number of young people, the largest online shopping group in the region. According to our study, the number of Cainiao stations is positively proportional to the number of permanent residents and commercial enterprises. Not only can the changes of the number of Cainiao stations point to the distribution and the growth trend of population, but Cainiao stations can also be a sensitive probe to detect the social and economic development, the prospect of cities and the vitality of regions. By analyzing the spatial characteristics and influencing factors of Cainiao stations, this paper aims to provide guidance and reference for the rational planning and layout of urban service facilities and make contributions to the study of the prediction on urban development and socioeconomic phenomena. Further work could focus on different cities to examine and enhance the formula with other influencing factors considered in and predict urban development referring to Cainiao stations and night-time light data simultaneously.