By?studying?administrative?system,?population?migration?and?ecological environment,?this?paper?analyzes?the?evolution?characteristics?and?the?internal?and?external influential?factors?of?the?traditional?settlements?of?Hainan?Island.?External?factors?controlling the?traditional?settlements?evolution?consist?of?spatial?layout?shaped?by?geography,?diverse types of residential area promoted by immigration and stable status quo consolidated by administration?system.?Meanwhile,?the?internal?factors?controlling?the?traditional?settlements evolution?include?economic?development?and?cultural?communication,?in?which?the?former works?to?expand?and?integrate?residential?areas,?while?the?latter?contributes?to?combining different types or remaining them separated.