Because?of?the?natural?geographical?environment,?climatic?conditions,?mode?of production?and?life,?religious?practices?and?other?factors,?the?formation?and?development?of rural settlements in China have been in a spontaneous state for a long time. There are problems such?as?scattered?layout,?small?population?size,?large?fl ?oor?space,?low?rate?of?land?use?and?so on.This thesis then qualitatively and quantitatively analyzes the humanistic and social factors that?infl ?uence?the?spatial?distribution?of?rural?settlements?in?Luqu?County.?The?factors?include elevation,?river,road?network?and?regional?economic?factors.?The?results?show?that,?Altitude?is affecting the spatial distribution of rural settlements;River and road network on the settlements has?obvious?guiding?role,from?agricultural?areas?to?semi-agricultural?andsemi-pastoral,?to?pure pastoral?areas,?Distribution?pattern?of?settlements?transform?from?dispersed?to?centralized?. Application?of?comprehensive?development?strength?index?function,?Luqu`s?administrative villages divided into high (Ⅰ),?medium?(Ⅱ),?low?(Ⅲ) three development levels; Introducing Cost?Weighted?Distance?and?improved?Field?Model?to?calculate?the?radiation?of?townships, the?results?showed?that?Ma`ai?and?Langmusi?town?have?the?strongest?radiation,?and?Tao?River valley?and?along?State?Highway?213?are?south?and?north?two?radiation?belts.?Therefore,?the spatial?structure?of?rural?settlements?optimized?core?idea?can?be?expressed?as?“a?center,?two axis”,?the?center?led?to?points,?the?axis?led?to?surface,?wings?complementary,?overall?progress, and?strengthen?1?center?(county),?supporting?2?node?stownships,?Langmusi?town?and?Shuangca town),?perfect?4?townships?(Gahai,?Xicang,?Larengaua,?A’la),?cultivating?5?key?villages(Gaxiu, Gongba,?Jiacang,?Gongquhu,?Zeca).