There are opportunities and challenges for the development of smart national parks with the coming of the big data era. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the future development trends of smart national parks in the new era. Firstly, the paper analyzes development achievements of smart national parks since the 12th Five-Year-Plan in three aspects, such as constituting the smart national park planning, improving the smart information infrastructure, and developing the smart application system. Meanwhile, the opportunities and challenges of the smart national park development with the new technology application of big data, internet of things, and cloud computing are discussed in three points of view, namely resources conservation, operational management, and public service. Then, the paper explores the concept, types, and characteristics of spatial-temporal big data of smart national parks accordingly. While there are two main classes, ten medium classes, and thirty sub-classes in types, there are five characteristics like multi-sources, objectivity, dynamics, currency, and precision. Finally, the future development trends of smart national parks are worked out in three dimensions, such as smart conservation, refined management, and precision service.