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| 小流域综合治理视角下的乡村空间协同规划路径研究——以三峡库区平阳河流域为例 |
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马琰1, 董文浩2, 雷振东1, 连皓3, 吴雷1, 冯红霞4
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1.西安建筑科技大学、绿色建筑全国重点实验室;2.西安建筑科技大学;3.西安建筑科技大学设计研究总院有限公司;4.西安建筑科技大学、西安建大城市规划设计研究院有限公司
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| 摘要: |
| 我国明确提出以小流域统筹乡村国土空间、协调山水林田湖草村系统、促进乡村振兴的战略要求，小流域乡村空间协同规划成为流域空间高质量发展的重要基础。基于此，本文针对三峡库区小流域，运用协同治理理论，提出了“主体协同、要素协同、设施协同”的小流域乡村空间协同规划治理思路，建立了“协同单元划分+绿色网络构建+复合圈层完善”的小流域乡村空间协同规划路径，并以平阳河小流域为例展开实践，以期为小流域综合治理、乡村空间格局优化与乡村振兴建设探索提供借鉴。 |
| 关键词: 小流域乡村空间、小流域综合治理、国土空间规划、协同规划、乡村振兴 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:TU98 |
| 基金项目:十四五国家重点研发计划项目 |
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| Research on rural spatial synergistic planning path under the perspective of integrated management of small watersheds——Take the Pingyang River Basin in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area as an Example |
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Ma Yan,Dong Wenhao,Lei Zhendong,Lian Hao,Wu Lei,Feng Hongxia
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| Abstract: |
| Small watersheds are the geospatial units in mountainous areas that have the closest relationship with human activities and the natural environment. They have multiple functions such as water source conservation, soil conservation, biodiversity maintenance, ecological product supply, and rural revitalization. The small watershed in the Three Gorges Reservoir area is an important component of the Yangtze River Basin System, relating to the mission of “a river of clear water flowing east and a reservoir of clean water being sent north.” At the same time, it also serves multiple functions such as nurturing the ecology, carrying the population, and developing the industry. In recent years, China has carried out water conservancy, migration and relocation, rural infrastructure construction, agricultural restructuring, and other projects in small watersheds, which has comprehensively improved the ecological, economic, and social benefits in the watersheds. However, at the same time, they have also profoundly altered the basic pattern of rural production, living, and ecological spaces within the small watersheds. In the small watershed in the Three Gorges Reservoir area, the problems of land surface pollution, soil erosion, frequent disasters, and lagging villages are still a threat to the overall development and rural revitalization. In the new period of ecological civilization, with the continuous promotion of comprehensive management of small watersheds, the strategic requirements of integrating rural spaces with small watershed spaces; coordinating various elements of mountains, water sources, forests, fields, lakes, grasslands, and villages; and upgrading the human habitat environment to promote the revitalization of the countryside have become the key ways to optimize the spatial pattern of the national territory and comprehensively promote the modernization of China. Synergistic management is an important approach to achieving this goal; it requires integrated small watershed management plans, national territory spatial planning, and many other plans as the vital foundation for the high-quality development of watershed spaces. Based on this, this article focuses on the complex geographic unit characteristics of highly coupled natural, economic, and social systems in the rural spaces of small watersheds. It applies the theory of collaborative governance and proposes collaborative planning and governance of the rural spaces of small watersheds based on “subject synergy, element synergy, and facility synergy.” The “water system” is taken as the key influencing factor to couple watershed units (natural units), functional units (functional zones), and administrative units (social units) and multiple “spatial” attribute areas, and synergize the county-, township-, and village-level administrative subjects and multiple governance bodies. Land spatial planning is the path to governance implementation that coordinates production; living and ecological spaces; and various elements of mountains, water sources, forests, fields, lakes, grasslands, and villages. By combining urban and rural planning, water conservancy engineering, resource management, agriculture and transportation, and other professions, ecological, production, and living facilities can be systematically improved. In this way, a synergistic idea of governance involving multiple subjects, elements, and planning is formulated. Based on the idea of synergistic governance, this article proposes a synergistic planning path and strategy for rural spaces in small watersheds based on the main problems of small watershed governance in the Three Gorges Reservoir area, which is “rural unit division + blue-green network construction + composite circle improvement.” First of all, the “small watershed - sub-watershed” nested water governance control unit and administrative village unit are integrated, coupling environmental, economic, and social subsystems to reconstruct the small watershed village unit and build the nested and coordinated relationship between the watershed, functional, and administrative units. This lays the foundation for a unified spatial boundary between various governance departments and subjects in terms of the scope of authority and governance tasks. Second, through the construction of an overall blue-green spatial network in small watersheds, the governance of various elements of mountains, water sources, forests, fields, lakes, grasslands, and villages is incorporated into the coordination of optimizing the spatial pattern of the national territory, integrating blue-green spaces with blue-green infrastructure, and perfecting the rainfall “interception, storage, use, treatment, and disposal” system. This improves the spatial resilience of the countryside, slow down runoff, and integrate treatment and usage. Third, through the construction of small watershed rural composite circles, the construction of multilevel circulation systems for planting and raising, pollution control, and value creation are combined. Habitat environments in the countryside are improved by enhancing the system of “production, living, and ecological” facilities, classifying and optimizing the “production, living, and ecological” elements of rural units, and through the layout of land use. Ultimately, the integration of watershed spaces with the governance of “production, living, and ecological” systems will be achieved, realizing the synergistic governance goals of watershed governance, rural revitalization, and rural habitat enhancement. |
| Key words: Rural territorial spatial planning of small watersheds Integrated watershed management Territorial spatial planning Collaborative planning Rural revitalization |
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