| 摘要: |
| 在国家“双碳”目标实施的大背景下，太阳能在建筑中的高效利用对降低二氧化碳排放、改善室内环境热舒适性至关重要。高层住区因较大的建筑间距和较低的建筑密度，在太阳能利用效能提升方面具有较高的潜力空间。本研究以济南市60个高层住区为例，借助Grasshopper平台进行了参数化建模与太阳辐射量化分析，通过现场调研、数据分析及正交试验等研究方法，深入分析了住区空间形态控制参数对太阳辐射接收的影响机制。研究结果显示，建筑间距系数、住区朝向和侧面间距是影响高层住区接收太阳辐射的主要因素，其中建筑间距系数的影响最为显著。通过优化设计后，相较于原有住区，新住区空间形态下太阳辐射接收量提高了20.8%，采暖制冷能耗降低8.7%。基于上述结论，提出了针对济南市高层住区在规划设计层面的空间优化设计建议，以期对济南市未来新建高层住区的规划设计和太阳能深度利用起到重要借鉴作用。 |
| 关键词: 高层住区 空间形态 太阳辐射 控制参数 优化设计 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:TU241.8 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金面上项目(52278024)；山东省自然科学基金面上项目(ZR2022ME015) |
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| Research on the influence analysis and optimization design of residential space form on solar radiation reception —Taking the high-rise residential area in Jinan as an example |
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fang tao, zhang meng duo, liang yong qi, zhang ya xin
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| Abstract: |
| In the context of the social energy crisis and the implementation of the national "carbon peaking and carbon neutrality" strategy, solar energy, as a clean and renewable energy, has great potential for development in the construction field. In cold regions, the efficient use of solar energy resources in buildings can effectively reduce winter heating energy consumption and domestic hot water demand, and reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Due to the large building spacing and low building density, high-rise residential areas have high potential space in improving solar energy utilization efficiency.
At present, the domestic research on the application of solar energy in buildings mainly focuses on the utilization of solar energy by building units and the evaluation of urban solar energy utilization potential, and has achieved fruitful results. Among them, foreign research on the relationship between residential areas and solar radiation reception has achieved rich results. However, due to the large difference between Chinese and foreign residential types, the existing research results have limited reference significance for the construction of residential areas in China and cannot be directly applied. At present, the domestic research results focus on the comparative analysis of the influence of single index of spatial form such as floor area ratio, residential orientation and architectural layout on the amount of solar radiation received by residential areas through the method of controlling variables. There is a lack of in-depth discussion on the comprehensive influence of residential spatial form index on solar radiation reception. The comprehensive impact analysis of the spatial form control index of high-rise residential areas on solar radiation acceptance and the proposed optimization design suggestions can not only make up for the shortcomings of existing research, but also provide a useful supplement to the lack of renewable energy application design indicators in China 's residential area planning and design standards.
This study takes the 18-storey and below high-rise residential areas built in Jinan after 2015 as the research object. Through Google Earth, Baidu map, on-site investigation and actual construction drawings, the spatial form control parameters of high-rise residential areas are obtained and the typical model of high-rise residential areas in Jinan is summarized. Parametric modeling and quantitative analysis of solar radiation are carried out with the help of Grasshopper platform. This paper mainly uses the correlation analysis and curve estimation in SPSS to explore the relationship between building density, building spacing coefficient, side spacing, building layout form, residential orientation and solar radiation reception in the spatial form control parameters of high-rise residential areas, and screen out the key control parameters and value range. Based on the results of single factor analysis, the orthogonal test method was used to further analyze the relationship between the three key indicators of building spacing coefficient, side spacing and residential orientation and the received radiation of residential areas. In order to carry out the combination and comparison among the three variables and reduce the number of unnecessary experiments, this orthogonal test selected a 3-factor 4-level scheme and obtained 16 working conditions. The range analysis method is used to analyze the primary and secondary factors of each factor and find the spatial form optimization scheme which is beneficial to the solar radiation reception of high-rise residential areas under the comprehensive influence. The results show that the building spacing coefficient, residential orientation and side spacing are the main factors affecting the solar radiation received by high-rise residential areas. Among them, the influence of the building spacing coefficient is the most significant, followed by the residential orientation, and the side spacing has the least influence. When the building spacing coefficient is 1.5, the residential orientation is 25 ° west-south, and the side spacing is 16 m, the high-rise residential area in Jinan can receive solar radiation to the greatest extent. After the optimization design, compared with the original residential area, the solar radiation reception in the new residential area is increased by 20.8 %, and the heating and cooling energy consumption is reduced by 8.7 %. Based on the above conclusions, this paper puts forward some suggestions on the spatial optimization design of high-rise residential areas in Jinan at the planning and design level, in order to play an important role in the planning and design of new high-rise residential areas in Jinan and the deep utilization of solar energy in the future.
Through the analysis of the influence of the spatial form control parameters of high-rise residential areas in Jinan on the amount of solar radiation received, and the relevant conclusions obtained, the utilization rate of renewable energy in high-rise residential areas can be greatly improved. It plays an important role in promoting building energy conservation and carbon reduction at this stage, and has important reference value for the revision of urban residential area planning and design standards. |
| Key words: high-rise residential areas spatial form solar radiation control parameters optimized design |
