| 摘要: |
| 以往的城市形态研究多以街
道系统、地块组合、建筑肌理等较为
宏观的视角进行。基于对单体建筑与
周边其他城市形态要素所形成的城市
结构的关注，本研究以建筑的视角出
发，选取澳门半岛的教堂建筑与周边
城市形态的关系作为研究对象，通过
定性分析把（教堂）建筑周边城市结
构分为三种类型，并通过定量分析发
现（教堂）建筑与周边城市形态的关
联。研究显示，（教堂）建筑单体与周
边城市形态要素所形成的关系，因为
所处的城市形态区域及建设的年代的
差异，呈现出“半开放-封闭-全开放”
的变化趋势。本研究为遗产保护和研
究提供了新的视角，为城市形态研究
的方法论扩展了范围。 |
| 关键词: 城市形态法 澳门 教堂 城市结构 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20240629002 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:海南省自然科学基金高层次人才项目（522RC609）；海口市哲学社会科学规划课题项目（2025-ZCKT-23）；
海南大学教育教学质量保障体系建设项目（HNZB202619） |
|
| A study on the urban fabric of churches in the Macau based on urban morphology |
|
JI Zhiwei,JIAO Jiacheng,LI Mengshun,YI Fashu,YANG Mei
|
| Abstract: |
| Town-plan always records of the development process of urban physical forms, and cultural
influences from different periods will leave their unique material remains in the urban landscape. At the same
time, once a stable town-plan is formed, it becomes the most conservative morphological complex, especially
the street-system within it. The sample is that within the same development period, new areas can show the
influence of contemporary culture, economic activities, and the characteristics of the times; while changes
shown in the old areas are slow and insufficient, the original street system and corresponding social activities
have become stable through mutual adaptation, this street-system is precisely the foundation for forming
different morphological areas within the same city.The functional organization and urban landscape of builtup
areas in cities are cumulative records of urban development. Therefore, tracing and exploring the potential
formation process of existing urban forms, analyzing and interpreting them, has become the core work of
urban form research. Various regions developed in the same city at different times formed differentiated
morphological frameworks due to different cultural influences experienced. The evolutionary research
method is often used to study the town-plan by dividing the morphological areas, revealing the influencing
factors formed by different morphological areas, and thus explaining their current morphological
characteristics.The urban form of the Macao Peninsula is a “miniature epic between mountains and sea” , on
a narrow promontory of less than 10 square kilometers, more than four hundred years of collision between
Chinese and Western cultures, land reclamation, and high-density living have jointly carved out a collaged,
three-dimensional, and composite urban landscape. Based on relevant research literature in urban
morphology, the density of the street system, and the characteristics of the historical development and
evolution of Macau, this study divides the Macau Peninsula into 4 morphological region (from region A to
D).Previous studies on urban morphology largely focused on macro perspectives such as street systems, plot
combinations, and the building fabric. Based on the interest in the urban fabric formed by individual
buildings and urban morphological elements around them, this research takes an architectural perspective
and selects the relationship between church buildings in the Macau Peninsula and their surrounding urban
form as the object of study. Through qualitative analysis, the urban fabric around the (church) buildings is
divided into three types: embedded type, surrounded type, and single type. In the embedded type, the
churches connected to the surrounding buildings closely, and the main facade constitute the important nodes
of the urban public space and townscape-the churches are the protagonist of the street landscapeIn the
surrounded type the function of churches as urban landscapes is weakened, and the churches connect with
courtyards. The courtyards at the entrance of the churches are not the open space for the city street. In the
single type, the church occupied a whole plot. Each facade of the church participates in the landscape of the
street. At this time, the mutual influence between church and the urban landscape is enormous. Research
indicates that the urban fabric around the churches on the Macau Peninsula has been accompanied by the
establishment and development of the city for nearly five centuries. As individual buildings, their scale had
not changed significantly, but the urban fabric formed by them and the surrounding urban form elements are
different significantly. These differences are firstly significantly correlated with the morphological region inwhich the churches are located. Churches located in region A are embedded type (C01, C02, and C04-C07); churches located in region B and C form mostly are
surrounded type. C10 in region C, due to its construction time in early 21st centuries, exhibits single type. It can be seen that the time of being build is also one
of the influencing factors of urban fabric.The study shows that the relationship of the (church) building and their surrounding urban morphological elements
varies from “semi-open-closed-fully open” due to differences in the urban morphological region they are located in and the eras when they were built. This
research provides a new perspective for heritage protection research and expands the scope of methodology in urban form studies. The division of
morphological region is one of the basic methods of urban morphology research, and the comparative study of different morphological region within the same
city can more effectively reveal the driving forces behind the formation of urban morphology. |
| Key words: urban morphology Macau church urban fabric |
