| 摘要: |
| 现有照明标准多基于视觉功
效，缺乏针对极端环境及特殊医疗场
景下，长周期动态光照对人体非视觉
生物效应（特别是昼夜节律重塑）的
定量依据与干预阈值。本研究旨在揭
示不同光谱与时序特征的光环境对全
龄人群生理节律及认知康复的剂量—
效应关系，建立循证导向的健康照明
设计框架。依托中国南极中山站（极
夜极端环境）及多家三甲医院康复中
心，开展多年的纵向现场干预研究。
采用多模态数据融合策略，监测受试
者（科考队员、脑卒中患者等不同人
群）的唾液褪黑素与皮质醇节律相位、
脑电（EEG） 频谱特征、心率变异
性（HRV）及认知行为量表。通过对
比定制化动态节律光照（晨起高色温
唤醒/睡前低色温助眠）与常规静态照
明下的生理心理指标差异，量化光干
预的疗效边界。 |
| 关键词: 光健康 人因工程 非视觉
生物效应 循证设计 极端环境 疗
愈光照 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20260612001 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划重点专项项目（2023YFC3805300）；同济大学极端环境建造研究院种子基金项目计划；同济大学“医学+X”交叉研究项目 |
|
| Lighting and health in human factors engineering: Evidence-based design research fromextreme environments to habitable spaces |
|
HAO Luoxi
|
| Abstract: |
| Current lighting standards are predominantly formulated based on visual performance, lacking
quantitative evidence and intervention thresholds for the non-visual biological effects of long-term dynamic
light exposure, especially circadian rhythm regulation, under extreme environments and special medical
scenarios. This study aims to elucidate the dose-response relationships between light environments with
varying spectral and temporal characteristics and physiological rhythms as well as cognitive rehabilitation
across all age groups, and to establish an evidence-based framework for healthy lighting design.The research
adopts a multi-modal data fusion strategy across multiple field sites. At China’s Zhongshan Station in
Antarctica, an extreme polar night environment with approximately 58 consecutive days of darkness during
winter, a 12-year longitudinal intervention study was conducted. The “Antarctic Health Human Factors
Cabin” was deployed, and 13 winter-over expedition members (mean age 39.00±9.02 years) participated in
the experiment, receiving dynamic circadian lighting interventions including morning arousal and pre-sleep
relaxation protocols. Results demonstrated that the intervention significantly improved sleep quality, with
PSQI scores decreasing by 13.45% and POMS scores decreasing by 4.09%, indicating significant alleviation
of negative emotions. Core body temperature rhythm phases were effectively recalibrated to healthier
circadian patterns. In medical rehabilitation settings, the study investigated three distinct application
scenarios. First, in intensive care units (ICU), a cross-modal audio-visual intervention paradigm was
developed for patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC), integrating blue light stimulation with
personalized music to activate brainstem reticular formation through ipRGC pathways and evoke
autobiographical memory. A pilot experiment involving 27 healthy subjects confirmed that blue light
combined with high-familiarity music produced an 84.4% super-additive arousal effect (p=0.017) compared
to the control group. Second, in stroke rehabilitation wards, a 24-hour dynamic lighting system was
implemented with morning high-illuminance high-color-temperature stimulation (melanopic EDI ≥1000 lx),
daytime neutral illumination (melanopic EDI ≥250 lx), and nighttime low-illuminance warm light (melanopic
EDI ≤10 lx). A prospective single-blind randomized controlled trial involving 33 stroke patients (17
intervention, 16 control) over a 20-day period revealed that the intervention group showed significantly
greater improvement in Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ-SA) scores (p<0.05) and
significantly elevated nocturnal salivary melatonin levels (p<0.05), indicating phase advancement toward a
morning-type circadian pattern. Third, in medical wellness centers, dynamic full-color lighting was
systematically explored for emotional regulation, with subjective evaluations and multi-modal physiological
indicators (ECG, EDA, EEG) demonstrating that dynamic colored light outperformed static white light in
enhancing pleasure, satisfaction, and perceived restorativeness. For all-age populations, differentiated
intervention strategies were developed. In children and adolescents, the study synthesized evidence on myopia
prevention through low-intensity long-wavelength red light (Zhou et al., 9-month intervention, 105
participants), full-spectrum indoor lighting (Bao et al., 12-month intervention, 45 participants), and vitamin D
synthesis associated with sufficient sunlight exposure (Yazar et al., 946 young adults), demonstrating that light
exposure contributes to myopia control through multiple pathways including retinal dopamine regulation and
vitamin D metabolism. For elderly populations (over 320 million in China), a laboratory-to-home validationapproach was adopted with 76 participants and 647 saliva samples collected over a three-month period. Results revealed that pre-sleep melanopic EDI at ≤50 lx
fell within a physiological inert zone, causing no clinically significant melatonin suppression, while the effective detection rate of dim light melatonin
onset (DLMO) was significantly lower in elderly populations compared to younger cohorts. For postpartum women with depressive tendencies (EPDS≥9), a 28-
day home-based lighting intervention with 30 participants demonstrated significant improvements in EPDS and POMS scores, with stable improvements in
subjective emotional states, sleep duration, sleep quality, and salivary melatonin levels observed after two weeks. For aircraft cabin environments, on-site
measurements revealed uneven illuminance distribution and low daytime melanopic EDI levels. A scenario-based dynamic lighting strategy was proposed covering
all flight phases: boarding with dynamic colored light (blue-orange combinations) to alleviate flight anxiety, daytime cruising with high color temperature and high
m-EDI white light to maintain alertness, nighttime cruising with low-illuminance long-wavelength red light to preserve circadian stability, and descent with
progressively increasing illuminance and color temperature to facilitate smooth awakening and circadian re-synchronization. To optimize spectral power
distribution (SPD) for circadian effects, five lighting scenarios were tested using a four-primary-color mixing method with 16 participants. Eye-tracking metrics
including blink frequency, eye closure duration, and pupil diameter were measured, combined with the psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) and subjective visual
comfort assessments. Results demonstrated that short-wavelength-dominant high-melanopic lighting reduced fatigue and sleepiness but decreased visual comfort,
while long-wavelength-dominant low-melanopic lighting improved subjective comfort but reduced alertness and response speed, highlighting the need for
balancing circadian stimulation with visual comfort. Through the above multi-scenario empirical studies, this research establishes an evidence-based healthy
lighting design framework and quantifies the efficacy boundaries of light intervention across different populations and environments, providing scientific
foundations for optimizing lighting standards in both extreme and daily living conditions. |
| Key words: light and health human factors engineering non-visual biological effects evidence-based design extreme environments therapeutic light |
