| 摘要: |
| 随着老龄化程度不断加深、传统
家庭养老功能持续弱化，老年社区建设成
为我国缓解代际支持弱化、积极应对老龄
化的重要途径。本研究引入“脆弱性”跨
学科视角，从暴露风险、敏感性、适应性
三个维度构建老年社区脆弱性评价指标体
系，采用综合指数法、障碍度分析法、灰
色关联度分析法，进一步探讨我国老年社
区脆弱性整体水平、空间分布情况及影响
因素。研究发现：第一，我国老年社区脆
弱性较高， 中高脆弱性老年社区占比
80.46%；第二，空间分布失衡，呈现“中
间高、四周低”的特征；第三，暴露风险
维度是老年社区脆弱性的关键致脆维度，
健康风险是关键致脆因素。本研究揭示了
我国老年社区脆弱性水平、空间分布差异
与影响因素，可为老年社区建设优化提供
参考。 |
| 关键词: 老年社区 脆弱性 指标体系 空间特征 影响因素 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20240925005 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金面上项目（82174319）；广东省2023 年度教育科学规划课题（德育专项）（2023JKDY013） |
|
| Construction of vulnerability evaluation index system and analysis of influencing factorsof elderly communities in China |
|
PAN Huafeng,HUANG Xiaojun,ZHANG Xiaowen,LI Jianguo
|
| Abstract: |
| The aging problems have become a prominent social problem in the 21st century. Due to the
decline of physiological function, the lack of economic security, the shortage of medical resources and
the lag of information acceptance, the elderly are often a group with high vulnerability. Affected by the
traditional pension concept, more than 90% of the elderly in China still tend to home endowment, but the
miniaturization of family structure and the normalization of population mobility have led to the
continuous weakening of the traditional family pension function. Therefore, community endowment has
become an important way to alleviate the weakening of inter-generational support and actively respond to
aging. It is urgent to strengthen the construction of elderly communities to cope with the risks and
challenges brought by an aging society. The elderly community in China can be divided into two types:
mixed elderly community and independent elderly community. The mixed elderly community refers to an
ordinary community with a multi-level age structure but a high proportion of the elderly. Independent
elderly community refers to the elderly apartment group or co-residence elderly residential group that
only the elderly live in, with the dual nature of pension institutions and communities. The elderly
community in China is dominated by mixed elderly communities. This paper introduces the
interdisciplinary perspective of “vulnerability” to study the elderly communities. “Vulnerability”
originated from the study of natural disasters, and then gradually expanded to ‘social vulnerability’, that
is, the social system exposed to natural factors or human factors, due to its own sensitivity characteristics
and lack of ability to cope with adverse disturbances and the system by the negative impact or damage
state. In recent years, vulnerability has been gradually introduced into the field of community governance
research. Based on the connotation of vulnerability, this paper constructs an evaluation index system for
the vulnerability of elderly communities. Following the principles of objectivity and data accessibility,
referring to the VSD evaluation framework, starting from the three dimensions of exposure, sensitivity
and adaptability, the indicators with high frequency and reflecting the essence and connotation of
vulnerability are preferentially selected, and finally ten first-level indicators and 31 second-level
indicators are formed. Based on CSGSS2021 data, this study uses comprehensive index method,
principal component analysis method, obstacle degree analysis method and grey correlation analysis
method to further explore the overall level, spatial distribution and influencing factors of the vulnerability
of elderly communities in China. From the perspective of the overall level of vulnerability of elderly
communities, low, medium and high vulnerability elderly communities account for 19.54%, 47.68% and
32.78% respectively, and the elderly communities with medium and high vulnerability account for
80.46%, indicating that the overall level of vulnerability of elderly communities is relatively high. By
comparing the scores of each dimension of different vulnerable elderly communities, it is found that the
low-vulnerable elderly communities have the highest scores in the adaptability dimension, while the
middle and high-vulnerable elderly communities have the highest scores in the exposure risk dimension,
which suggests that reducing the exposure risk and improving the adaptation level are important ways to
reduce the vulnerability of elderly communities. From the perspective of the spatial distribution ofelderly communities, there are two, seven and ten provinces with low, medium and high vulnerability in 19 provinces, respectively, showing the spatial
distribution characteristics of “high in the middle and low around”. More than half of the provinces are in a state of high vulnerability, which shows that the
vulnerability of elderly communities in China is closely related to social economy, geographical location and other factors. From the perspective of the
influencing factors of the elderly community, in the obstacle degree analysis, there are six obstacle factors in the top ten in the exposure risk dimension, of
which five obstacle factors belong to the health risk category; in the grey correlation analysis, the correlation between the exposure risk dimension and the
vulnerability level of the elderly community is the highest. This reveals that the exposure risk dimension is the key brittle dimension of the vulnerability of the
elderly community, and the health risk is the key brittle factor. Finally, from the perspective of the vulnerability characteristics, influencing factors and spatial
differences of the elderly community, this paper proposes to strengthen the popularization of health concepts, improve the social security system, improve the
infrastructure level of the elderly community, accelerate the aging transformation of the community, and strengthen the supply of medical services, so as to
provide reference for the optimization of the elderly community construction. |
| Key words: elderly communities vulnerability index system spatial characteristics influencing factors |
