| 摘要: |
| 传统聚落景观环境脆弱性是当前
国土空间规划中可持续发展的关键议题。
为科学评价其动态演变与成因，本研究以
武陵山区传统聚落密集区域为例，基于乡
村人地共生理念构建多维脆弱性评价体系，
揭示了2012—2022 年脆弱性时空演变规
律。结果表明：暴露性持续上升，敏感性
波动升高，适应性持续下降，导致脆弱性
指数不断增高；脆弱性较高的聚落大多沿
县界分布；识别出八个关键致脆因子，其
中传统建筑用地规模、村落空间格局完整
度、新旧风貌协调度和基础设施冲突等显
性致脆因子的障碍度累计贡献率达
36.573%；村落人口空心化、村落维护资
金、产业替代危机和文化认同程度等隐性
致脆因子累计贡献率达33.493%。上述研
究为传统村落集中连片保护提供动态监控
方法和空间优化策略。 |
| 关键词: 传统聚落 景观脆弱性 致脆因
子 量化评价 动态监控 武陵山区 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20250224004 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:湖南省社会科学成果评审委员会课题（XSP24YBC367） |
|
| Research on quantitative evaluation and dynamic monitoring of the vulnerability oftraditional settlement landscape environment: A case study of 206 traditional villagelandscape units in the Wuling Mountain Area |
|
ZHENG Jian,DENG Jixuan,JIANG Jiemin
|
| Abstract: |
| The accelerated urbanization process and rapid development of rural tourism in China have
critically highlighted the vulnerability of traditional settlement landscape environments, positioning it as
a pivotal issue for sustainable development within the framework of territorial spatial planning.
Traditional settlements are increasingly confronting a spectrum of pressing challenges including rapid
physical decay, the erosion of distinctive regional character, the loss of cultural heritage, and a weakening
of communal identity, all of which severely inhibit their sustainable development and underscore the
inherent fragility of these cultural landscapes amidst the broader push for rural revitalization. In response,
national policy directives, such as the guidelines jointly issued by the Ministry of Natural Resources and
the National Cultural Heritage Administration, explicitly mandate the integration of historically and
culturally rich zones—particularly those characterized by concentrated and contiguous traditional
settlement landscapes—into spatial planning through enforceable protection boundaries and form-based
control indicators. Consequently, the scientific evaluation of traditional settlement landscape
vulnerability is progressively being incorporated into the broader technical framework for assessing
resource and environmental carrying capacity, solidifying its status as a significant and actionable subject
within territorial spatial planning agendas. To scientifically evaluate the dynamic evolution and
underlying causative mechanisms of this vulnerability, this study focuses on 206 traditional village
landscape units within the high-density traditional settlement clusters of the Wuling Mountain Area, a
region renowned for its rich ethnic tapestry of Tujia and Miao communities and its exceptionally wellpreserved,
yet increasingly threatened, cultural landscapes. Guided by the holistic concept of rural humanland
symbiosis, which emphasizes the dynamic equilibrium and interdependent relationship between
human communities and their natural environment, the study developed a comprehensive and
multidimensional vulnerability assessment framework. This framework systematically encompasses six
core dimensions: physical space, ecological foundation, cultural ecology, social structure, economic
system, and specific vulnerabilities, which are further operationalized through the tripartite lens of
exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity—a model widely recognized and adapted from the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Utilizing a mixed-methods approach that combines
qualitative analysis, comprehensive index methods, spatial statistics, and geographic information
system (GIS) techniques via the ArcGIS platform, it meticulously collected and analyzed decadal
data (2012-2022) to reveal the intricate spatiotemporal evolution patterns and spatial differentiation
characteristics of vulnerability across the study area. Key findings elucidate several critical trends and
patterns: firstly, an analysis of temporal evolution indicates that traditional settlement landscape units
exhibited a persistently increasing trend in exposure levels, a sensitivity that demonstrated annual
fluctuations but followed a gradual overall upward trajectory, and a continuously declining adaptivecapacity over the studied decade; these three converging dynamics collectively drove a clear upward trajectory in the composite vulnerability indices, signaling
a weakening resilience of these systems against internal and external pressures. Secondly, the spatial distribution of vulnerability exhibits a distinct and
coherent “perimeter-high and center-low” geographical pattern, where villages with significantly higher vulnerability values are predominantly and consistently
located at the administrative junctions of four counties or linearly along county boundaries, with the highest recorded vulnerability value at a critical fourcounty
junction reaching 0.379, while the lowest values in the more geographically central and contiguous areas measured only 0.071, highlighting the
heightened risk profile of peripheral and administratively marginal settlements. Thirdly, through the application of a diagnostic obstacle degree model, eight key
vulnerability-inducing factors were identified as the core stressors driving landscape fragility; among these, explicit factors—directly observable and
quantifiable drivers including traditional building land scale, village spatial pattern integrity, old-new landscape compatibility, and infrastructure conflicts—
collectively accounted for a significant cumulative obstacle contribution rate of 36.573%, whereas implicit factors—indirect, systemic, and often non-material
drivers such as rural population hollowing, insufficient village maintenance funding, industrial substitution risks, and diminished cultural identity—contributed
a substantial 33.493% collectively, with the analysis further revealing that the overall obstacle contribution rate of implicit factors surpasses that of explicit
ones, indicating that implicit factors pose a deeper, more pervasive, and potentially greater long-term systemic risk to the sustainability of these traditional
landscapes. These robust findings underscore the complex and layered nature of traditional settlement vulnerability, demonstrating that it stems not only from
immediate physical and environmental pressures but is fundamentally rooted in longer-term socio-structural disintegration and cultural-adaptive deficiencies.
Consequently, the study proposes the establishment of a dual-track, hierarchical dynamic monitoring system: this system prioritizes the immediate tracking and
mitigation of explicit factors through practical measures such as delineating traditional building land protection red lines, establishing digital “architectural
health files” for regular assessment, and enforcing stringent landscape compatibility standards for new interventions, while simultaneously implementing
systematic, long-term monitoring and governance of implicit factors through integrated strategies such as digital “cultural gene bank” projects for safeguarding
intangible heritage, innovating local governance models like “community elder councils” to enhance social cohesion, and creating dedicated funding
mechanisms with performance-linked oversight. Ultimately, this integrated approach aims to foster synergistic monitoring that effectively bridges spatial
restoration with economic revitalization and cultural renewal, thereby providing scientifically grounded spatial optimization strategies and a replicable
methodological framework for the dynamic monitoring, concentrated conservation, and resilience enhancement of high-density traditional village clusters
within ecologically and culturally sensitive regions such as the Wuling Mountain Area and beyond. |
| Key words: traditional settlements landscape vulnerability vulnerability-inducing factors quantitative evaluation dynamic monitoring Wuling Mountain Area |
