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| 文化生态学视角下传统村落群保护利用评价研究
——以桑园围水乡为例 |
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刘付强1, 魏成2, 林尚江峰1, 杨程3
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1.华南理工大学建筑学院，博士研究生;2.（通讯作者）：华南理工大学建筑学院，教授，weicheng@scut.edu.cn;3.华南理工大学建筑学院，硕士研究生
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| 摘要: |
| 快速城镇化背景下，传统村落基于
长期协作形成的集群结构及其文化生态关联
正持续受到冲击。为回应“集中连片”保护
利用的政策导向，并弥补现有评价研究对传
统村落群“群体性”价值关注不足的局限，
本研究基于文化生态学理论，构建涵盖完整
性与环境关联性、真实性与风貌协调性、乡
土性与生态适应性、活态性与文化传承性四
个准则层的保护利用评价体系，并以桑园围
水乡传统村落群为例展开实证。结果表明：
第一，该村落群整体保护利用状况欠佳，突
出表现为自然生态基底破碎、跨村落水利协
作机制弱化、新旧空间风貌失调、乡土材料
与工艺传承断层等关联性问题，以及社会结
构松散、传统建筑与遗产衰败、民俗活动式
微等续存困境。第二，上述问题根源在于乡
村工业化与租赁经济转型、城镇空间无序扩
张、文化传承机制失衡以及保护利用工作滞
后四方面因素的耦合作用，使村落群从有机
整体逐渐走向系统性衰退与关联性断裂。本
研究构建的评价体系，有助于系统识别传统
村落群的内在关联价值与核心保护问题，可
为相关研究与实践提供参考。 |
| 关键词: 文化生态学 传统村落群 桑园
围 保护利用 评价指标体系 驱动机制 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20251117005 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家社会科学基金后期资助项目（25FGLB063） |
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| Assessment of protection and utilization of traditional village cluster from a culturalecology perspective: A case study of the Sangyuan Wei Watertown |
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LIU Fuqiang,WEI Cheng,LIN Shangjiangfeng,YANG Cheng
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| Abstract: |
| Against the backdrop of rapid urbanization, traditional village clusters formed through longterm
collaboration are under increasing pressure in both spatial organization and cultural-ecological
linkages. Unlike isolated villages, such clusters depend not only on spatial proximity, but also on longestablished
interdependence in water management, agricultural production, market exchange, kinship
ties, and ritual practices. Yet most existing studies remain centered on single-village evaluation and
pay insufficient attention to the collective value of traditional village clusters and to the inter-village
relational structures that sustain them. In response to the policy orientation toward integrated and
contiguous conservation and utilization, and to address this gap, this study develops an evaluation
framework for traditional village clusters from the perspective of cultural ecology. Grounded in
cultural ecology theory, the study regards traditional village clusters as dynamic socio-ecological
systems shaped through long-term interactions among settlement form, natural environment,
production mode, and local culture. Their value lies not only in the preservation of individual historic
buildings, but also in the continuity of ecological foundations, the integrity of inter-village functional
networks, the persistence of vernacular spatial order, and the viability of local social and cultural
practices. Based on this understanding, a protection and utilization evaluation framework is
constructed around four criterion layers, namely integrity and environmental connectedness,
authenticity and landscape harmony, vernacular character and ecological adaptability, and vitality and
cultural continuity. Indicator weights are determined through the Analytic Hierarchy Process and
expert scoring, and the framework is applied to the traditional village cluster of Sangyuan Wei
Watertown as an empirical case. Sangyuan Wei is a historically significant watertown region in the
Pearl River Delta and an important agricultural cultural landscape shaped by dyke-enclosed water
management. With dense river networks, embanked fields, ponds, and closely distributed settlements,
the region historically supported a highly interdependent village system through shared water
conservancy operations, complementary production, periodic markets, and common ritual traditions.
However, under the continuing influence of industrialization, urban expansion, and socio-economic
transformation, this interconnected system has undergone sustained disruption. The evaluation results
show that the overall condition of protection and utilization in the Sangyuan Wei traditional village
cluster is poor, with a total score of 3.76. Among the four criterion layers, vitality and cultural
continuity records the lowest score, while integrity and environmental connectedness also performs
poorly. At the regional level, the most prominent problem is the fragmentation of the ecological base.
Continuous construction expansion has cut through the once relatively integrated system of rivers,
ponds, and embanked agricultural landscapes, weakening environmental continuity and undermining
the ecological foundation on which the village cluster historically depended. Closely related to this
process is the decline of cross-village functional networks. Traditional water conservancy facilitieshave gradually lost their collaborative function, and many market-related spaces and facilities that once connected villages have been abandoned, transformed,
or reduced to fragmented remains. At the village level, urbanization has led to the gradual loss of traditional spatial character and increasing disharmony in built
landscapes. Although many villages still retain core spatial elements such as fengshui ponds and ancestral halls, and some vernacular architectural features
remain visible, these continuities have been repeatedly interrupted by industrial encroachment at village edges and uncoordinated rebuilding within village
interiors. As a result, traditional settlement texture has become increasingly fragmented, and the relationship between newly built elements and inherited
watertown landscapes has grown more strained. In terms of ecological adaptability, some components of the local socio-ecological system, including river
networks, mulberry-based pond agriculture, and vernacular vegetation, still display a degree of continuity. Nevertheless, the ecological wisdom embedded in
traditional materials, drainage methods, and climate-responsive construction practices has not been effectively incorporated into contemporary village
development. At the socio-cultural level, the village cluster faces a more severe crisis of vitality and transmission. The proportion of native residents has
declined, and many villages are marked by a strongly aging population, leaving heritage maintenance and cultural continuation heavily dependent on older
generations. While a small number of villages have experimented with the adaptive reuse of traditional buildings through tourism, catering, and creative
industries, these efforts remain scattered and have not produced strong regional linkage effects. Folk traditions such as dragon boat activities and lion dance
practices continue in visible form, yet their communal functions have weakened under the influence of media-oriented display and market-oriented
performance. The decline of traditional periodic markets is especially significant, as these markets once served as important carriers of inter-village exchange,
social interaction, and regional identity.Further analysis indicates that these problems have emerged through the coupled effects of four major factors, namely
rural industrialization and the transformation toward a rental-based economy, disorderly urban spatial expansion, imbalanced mechanisms of cultural
transmission, and lagging conservation and utilization practices. Under their combined influence, Sangyuan Wei has gradually shifted from an organically
connected village cluster toward a condition marked by systemic decline and relational fragmentation. The evaluation framework proposed in this study helps
reveal both the intrinsic relational value and the core protection problems of traditional village clusters, and provides references for related research and for
more integrated conservation and utilization in rapidly urbanizing regions. |
| Key words: cultural ecology traditional village cluster Sangyuan Wei protection and utilization evaluation index system driving mechanism |
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