| 摘要: |
| 本文以水网地区的典型城市苏州为代表，采用“建筑正、负空间”的理念、路径和方法，探讨该地区建筑传统的历史内涵及发展创新问题。首先文章通过解析中国古代哲学思想如“有无”、“虚实”、“阴阳”等多组二元互成关系的渊源与要点，提出中国传统建筑“正、负空间”一体化的概念，尝试在城市、街坊和民居尺度总结基本空间模式。其次，本研究进一步从苏州古城、街坊和民居由大到小地解析了不同层级的建筑传统之“正、负空间”关系及要素。此外，本文选取当代背景中的苏州工业园区、32号街坊、海红坊·潘宅项目三个空间层级的典型案例，探讨建筑 “正、负空间”要素的传承与改变。最终总结出苏州古城等水网地区在城市、街坊和民居尺度自古至今都蕴含“建筑正、负空间一体化”的思想内涵及空间表达，并在不同时期呈现出不同特征。源于该思想的精神内核是其纵贯历史、发展变化的重要路径和方法。基于“建筑正、负空间一体化”，对水网地区开展传统与创新研究与实践，是在新时期开展城市和建筑高质量、可持续发展的积极拓展和有益尝试。 |
| 关键词: 二元互成统一思想观 建筑正、负空间 苏州古城 街坊 水乡民居 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:TU024 |
| 基金项目: |
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| Discussion on the Tradition with the Innovation of Architectural Positive Space and Negative Space in Suzhou Ancient City |
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WU Yan, BAI Jialin, WANG Yuxin, HAN Yu
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School of Sciences for the Habitat in UCAS
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| Abstract: |
| Cities and architecture in areas with water networks showcase unique historical traditions and distinctive architectural features. At the same time, they reflect the universal spatial concepts found in traditional Chinese architecture, particularly those rooted in ancient Chinese philosophical thought. The combination of these elements has created a localized tradition that has evolved over time. Researching typical cities and architectural styles in these water network areas helps scholars understand regional cultural traditions more effectively and enhances their ability to appreciate the original forms of ancient Chinese architecture. This paper is represented by Suzhou, a typical city in the water network area. It adopts the concept, path, and method of "architectural positive space and negative space" to discuss the historical connotation and development innovation of architectural tradition. This analysis method stems from the research team’s ongoing work, which has lasted over ten years. This duration has enabled a deep discussion of traditional architecture and a quest to uncover the true essence of ancient Chinese philosophy. Firstly, the paper begins by exploring the concept of ancient Chinese philosophy, highlighting ideas such as "void with essence" from Taoism, Confucianism's "essence with the void," and the "Yin and Yang" concept derived from Yi-ology. By combining three characteristics of traditional Chinese architecture in structural ontology, growth logic, and humanistic considerations, it introduces the notion of the binary unity of "positive space and negative space" in traditional Chinese architecture. Based on the analysis of both universality and particularity in Suzhou's architectural positive space and negative space, this paper aims to summarize the fundamental spatial patterns at the urban, block, and dwelling scales. Secondly, from a historical research perspective, this paper examines the relationship between positive space and negative space across three different spatial levels in architectural tradition: the ancient city, the block, and the dwelling of Suzhou. The large scale focuses on the water-land-bridge pattern, the medium scale addresses the house-street-yard pattern, and the small scale explores the inside-outside-corridor pattern. Thirdly, from the perspective of urban construction, this paper examines three modern cases of spatial levels to discuss the inheritance and transformation of positive space and negative space: Suzhou Industrial Park, Block 32, and Pan’s House at Haihong Fang. The multi-level investigation includes the large-scale water-land patterns, the fusion of new and old architecture at a medium scale, and the rebuilding of in-and-out spaces at a small scale. It summarizes the evolving characteristics of positive-negative spatial duality across three descending scales as follows: dynamic stability at the urban scale, harmonious integration through adaptive restoration at the block scale, and innovative reinterpretation of tradition at the architectural scale. Finally, the paper asserts that the binary relationship between "positive space and negative space" in architecture represents the core traditional spirit of the water network area despite the historical diversity observed. Furthermore, this relationship serves as a crucial means of preserving that tradition. Therefore, the paper proposes three specific design strategies based on the concept of enhancing the relationship between "positive space and negative space" in water-land systems. At the urban scale, it is essential to enhance the complementary relationship between waterways and land routes, ensuring their proportions are appropriate and aligned with contemporary functional needs. At the block scale, the focus should be on optimizing the spatial interfaces of adjacent blocks, including restoring the transitional spaces under eaves between positive space and negative space within linear blocks, guided by principles of ecological sustainability. At the architectural scale, the emphasis shifts to strengthening the nested spatial relationship characterized by "positive-within-negative" and "negative-within-positive" configurations. This principle should be systematically applied during the design processes for restoring historic buildings or constructing new structures in ancient urban districts. This paper explores the origins of traditional Chinese methods and their significant impact on architectural spatial formation. It includes a comparative study of historical urban spaces and architecture alongside contemporary examples. Generally, thinking in terms of "positive space and negative space" is an effective approach for preserving the essence of Suzhou's architectural dialectics while fostering innovative possibilities for contemporary adaptation in the modern era. The paper concludes that the study method involves examining the relationship between positive space and negative space, drawing from ancient philosophy. It specifically focuses on local space, highlighting its potential to preserve traditions more effectively in the future. |
| Key words: Binary Unity of Thought Architectural Positive Space and Negative Space Suzhou Ancient City Block Dwellings in Water Network Area |
