| 摘要: |
| 既有住区建筑量大面广，且由于设
计标准低、性能劣化等原因，碳排放问题突
出。“双碳”目标背景下，既有住区的低碳改
造势在必行。然而当前研究侧重住栋单体，
且重点关注建筑运行阶段碳排放，缺乏对更
新改造全过程的碳排放评估，忽略了不同类
型住区中建筑与环境、碳排放与改造策略之
间的互动性。基于此，本研究以夏热冬暖地
区典型城市广州、深圳为例，通过广泛调研
和统计分析提取出行列、围合、散点三类典
型既有住区建筑基本单元，并根据实际改造
案例和标准文献梳理制定了针对性的层级改
造策略体系。进一步，从更新阶段碳排放、
运行阶段碳排放、住区绿地固碳三个方面，
构建了住区全过程碳排放评估模型；探讨了
不同类型既有住区层级化更新全过程的碳排
放情况，从住区改造碳增量回收周期和碳减
排潜力两方面对“住区类型—层级策略”进
行匹配优选。研究结果可为城市既有住区更
新提供科学的决策辅助和技术支撑，助力
“双碳”战略目标实现。 |
| 关键词: 既有住区更新 层级化改造 全过
程碳排放 住区基本单元提取 改造策略
比选 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20240920004 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（52308105、52178020）；亚热带建筑与城市科学全国重点实验室重点项目（2025ZA03） |
|
| Research on hierarchical retrofitting strategies for existing residential areas based onlifecycle carbon emission assessment: Taking typical cities in hot summer and warmwinter areas as an example |
|
HE Yueer,XU Mingrui,ZHONG Hongfeng,FAN Yue
|
| Abstract: |
| Existing residential areas constitute a substantial proportion of China’s urban building
stock. Due to historically low design standards, insufficient construction quality, and performance
degradation over time, these neighborhoods exhibit significant carbon emission problems. Under the
framework of China’s “dual carbon” goals—peaking carbon emissions before 2030 and achieving
carbon neutrality by 2060—the low-carbon retrofitting of existing residential communities has
become urgent. Nevertheless, most current research focus narrowly on single buildings and emphasize
operational energy emissions, while neglecting the full lifecycle of retrofitting interventions.
Moreover, the interactions between buildings, environmental conditions, and retrofit strategies across
different types of communities remain underexplored. To bridge these gaps, this study selects
Guangzhou and Shenzhen—two representative cities in the hot-summer and warm-winter region—as
case sites. Through large-scale field surveys and statistical analysis of 664 residential communities
built in the 1980s – 1990s, three representative residential typologies were extracted: row layouts,
enclosed layouts, and scattered layouts. Based on policy frameworks, standard references, and actual
retrofit cases, a hierarchical retrofit strategy system was proposed, consisting of basic, improved, and
advanced levels. The basic strategy focuses on essential envelope repairs and small-scale outdoor
enhancements; the improved strategy adds systematic livability upgrades, such as road expansion,
shading, and green space optimization; and the advanced strategy emphasizes deep retrofits with
renewable energy integration, multifunctional facilities, and ecological improvements.A full-process
carbon emission evaluation model was then established, incorporating three dimensions: 1) carbon
emissions during the renovation stage, including material production, transport, and on-site
construction; 2) carbon emissions during the operational stage, based on building energy consumption
with photovoltaic (PV) substitution; 3) carbon sequestration from enhanced green spaces within
residential areas. Two evaluation indicators were introduced to quantify retrofit effectiveness: the
carbon payback period, defined as the years required for operational savings and sequestration to
offset renovation-phase emissions; and the carbon reduction potential, reflecting the long-term
emission mitigation capacity of a strategy. Together, these indicators enable both short-term feasibility
and long-term effectiveness to be assessed.The results demonstrate four main findings. First, different
retrofit levels lead to distinct carbon emission profiles across lifecycle stages. As retrofit levels
increase, emissions during the renovation stage rise significantly due to larger material use and
construction activities, while operational emissions fall and sequestration benefits improve. Lifecycle
assessment is therefore essential for balancing short-term carbon costs with long-term environmental
gains. Second, renovation-phase emissions are dominated by building material production, which
accounts for over 90% of total renovation emissions. Third, synergies between envelope performanceupgrades and photovoltaic integration are highly effective. Retrofits focused on thermal insulation, glazing replacement, and airtightness improvements alone
reduce operational carbon emissions by 8%~18% compared with pre-retrofit baselines. When rooftop PV systems are added under advanced strategies,
operational emission reductions rise by 15%~25% beyond improved strategies, with PV contributing up to 82% of the savings. This demonstrates that deep
decarbonization relies on the combined application of passive envelope measures and active renewable technologies. Fourth, optimal retrofit pathways vary
significantly by residential typology. Row layouts, with relatively high fa?ade exposure, achieve the best balance through improved-level strategies, with a
carbon payback period of 2.19 years and stable reduction benefits. Enclosed layouts, which exhibit lower baseline energy demand and greater green space
potential, are best suited to basic-level strategies, achieving rapid returns (2.22 years) with minimal investment. Scattered layouts, characterized by building
diversity and decentralized forms, are most compatible with advanced strategies. Although they have the longest payback period (5.32 years), they yield the
highest long-term carbon reduction potential at 26.5%, representing the strongest contribution to lifecycle mitigation.This study makes three key contributions.
Methodologically, it develops a comprehensive lifecycle carbon evaluation model that integrates renovation, operational, and ecological dimensions, thus
overcoming the limitations of operational-only approaches. Strategically, it provides a hierarchical retrofit framework that systematically links building-level
upgrades, energy-system optimization, and community-level ecological measures. Practically, it demonstrates that typology-based differentiation is essential:
only by tailoring retrofit strategies to the spatial and morphological characteristics of different residential types, can balanced and sustainable carbon reduction
be achieved. In conclusion, this research establishes a “residential typology—hierarchical strategy—lifecycle carbon assessment” framework to support
differentiated, sustainable retrofit pathways for existing residential areas in hot-summer and warm-winter regions. The findings provide scientific decisionmaking
support and technical guidance for policymakers, planners, and practitioners engaged in urban residential retrofitting. Beyond the Chinese context, the
results also offer transferable insights into sustainable housing renewal, enriching the global knowledge base for achieving carbon-neutral urban development. |
| Key words: renewal of existing residential areas hierarchical transformation whole process carbon emission basic unit extraction of residential area comparison and selection of transformation strategies |
