| 摘要: |
| 1927 年国民政府定都南京后，南
京特别市政府主导制定了近代第一次首都规
划——“首都城市计划”。通过挖掘新的史
料文献，系统考察了规划制定背景、过程、
内容及历史价值。研究表明：规划开展与奠
都设市、行政机构专业化、市域划界、市长
理念及特别市工务局核心作用密不可分；规
划内容提出近远期、新旧城市和以行政区为
重点的功能分区，突出斜向林荫大道与行政
区正南北轴线、格网式首都空间与自由式城
市空间的结合，体现出“中西融合”的空间
特色；规划价值具有“市政府主导首都规划
的起步与实践、正南北中轴干道空间的理念
与探索、南京城市空间结构的转型与开拓”
三个特征。研究认为“首都城市计划”是一
次“上继下拓”的南京城市规划，其探索对
当代城市规划兼具历史借鉴与理论启示
意义。 |
| 关键词: 中国近现代城市规划史 南京首都
规划 首都城市计划 南京特别市政府 南
京近代城市规划 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20241009001 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:江苏省研究生科研创新计划项目（KYCX21_0148）；国家社会科学基金重大项目（23&ZD256） |
|
| Continuing the legacy and opening up the future: Nanjing special municipal governmentand “capital city plan” in 1928 |
|
LI Nan,LI Baihao
|
| Abstract: |
| During the time between December 1927 and April 1928, with the impacts of “establishing
the capital and building a city”, the Nanjing Special Municipal Government quickly launched urban
planning strategies with the goal of “building the capital”. As the first planning strategy after the
founding of the capital, Capital City Plan had profound influence on the subsequent urban planning of
Nanjing, although it is not as well-known as The 1929 Capital Plan. Its planning thought of “inheriting
the glory of history and opening up a new scientific situation” made it a key node in the history of
modern urban planning in Nanjing.The development of planning is closely related to the establishment of
the capital city, the specialisation of administrative agencies, the demarcation of the city area, the
mayor’s ideas and the core role of the Special City Public Works Bureau. On 18 April 1927, Nanjing’s
administrative status was clearly defined as the “national political and military centre”, and its urban
construction was immediately given national symbolic significance. On June 6, the National Government
promulgated the “Nanjing Special City Provisional Regulations”, which for the first time stipulated the
planning, construction and management functions of the Public Works Bureau in legal form. On 31
March 1928, the first statutory administrative scope of Nanjing Special City was determined, laying a
spatial foundation for the development of urban planning. The first mayor Liu Jiwen gave priority to
political symbols, and the successor mayor He Minhun emphasised technical rationality. Their
complementary governance concepts and the vision of “focusing on the capital” became the guiding
ideology of Capital City Plan.According to the intentions of the two mayors and the city government’s
policy program, the Public Works Bureau officially launched the city’s planning work on 28 December
1927. Under the leadership of Director Chen Yangjie of the Public Works Bureau, the design team
consisting of Li Zongkan, Chief Engineer of the Public Works Bureau, Ma Yiqun, Chief of the Design
Section, technicians Tang Ying, Xu Baikui, and assistant engineer Pu Liangchou, worked for three
months to complete the planning scheme. The results include the city’s zoning plan and four
architectural plans for administrative areas, industrial and commercial areas, school areas, and residential
areas.The core content of the plan consists of zoning design and detailed planning. In terms of zoning
design, the city’s administrative area is the planning scope, and the functional zones are divided into
short-term and long-term, new and old cities, and administrative districts. In terms of detailed planning,
an innovative oblique boulevard is proposed to connect Xiaguan and Gulou, and a north-south axis is
designed in the administrative district. The grid-type capital functional space is combined with the freestyle
urban functional space, reflecting the spatial order characteristics of “integration of Chinese and
Western” and “integration of the capital and the city”.Although the plan has limitations such as lack of
old city content, natural renewal and patterning, its unique historical value characteristics cannot be
ignored. Its main manifestations are: firstly, it is the first and only time that the special municipal
government has taken the lead in the planning of the capital; secondly, it breaks through the normal axis
of Nanjing’s historical capital, integrates the traditional Chinese sensory axis and the Western visual
axis, and forms the concept and exploration of the north-south central axis trunk road space; thirdly, onthe basis of continuing the traffic direction of The 1926 Nanjing Municipal Plan, it cuts the curve and straightens the road, proposes the direction of the oblique
straight road and the functional attributes of the boulevard, and becomes the prototype of today’s Zhongshan Road due to the construction of the Sun Yat-sen
Mausoleum. The formation of this modern axis marks the transformation and development of Nanjing’s urban spatial structure.Through the newly discovered
historical documents, the historical research on the “Capital City Plan” not only corrects the academic community’s single positioning of the 1929 Capital Plan,
fills the gap in the research of Nanjing’s planning history from 1927 to 1928, but also reveals the initial role of the 1928 plan in the development of Nanjing’s
modern urban planning. The study believes that the “Capital City Plan” is a “continuation and expansion” of Nanjing’s urban planning, and its exploration has
both historical reference and theoretical enlightenment significance for contemporary urban planning. |
| Key words: Chinese modern city planning history Nanjing capital planning capital city plan Nanjing special municipal government Nanjing urban planning
in early-modern times |
