| 摘要: |
| 海平面上升冲击滨海地区安全，全
球越来越多的滨海城市开展以防洪减灾为核
心的韧性规划研究与实践。本文聚焦纽约滨
海韧性规划研究和实践，回顾纽约市早期开
展的气候变化研究，重点分析2012 年“桑迪
飓风”之后滨海韧性规划研究与实践，包括
重新绘制洪水地图，颁布多项目技术指南文
件、提升建筑和海岸防护要求，组织构建覆
盖全域的滨海防护体系，并开展试点建设等
方面内容。综合分析纽约市多年研究与实践
经验，以期在构建多层次跨部门的滨海韧性
研究、治理体系，建设多机构衔接的灾后保
障快速响应体系，开展广泛公众参与提升公
众滨海韧性的防护意识工作等方面为我国滨
海韧性规划研究和实践提供借鉴。 |
| 关键词: 海平面上升 沿海洪水 滨海韧性
规划 基于自然的解决方法 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20241024002 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:2024 年度辽宁省社会科学规划基金项目（L24BSH003） |
|
| Overview of New York coastal resilience planning research and practice progress |
|
CHEN Fei,CAO Shiyin,CAI Jun,XU Shiguang,HU Qinlan
|
| Abstract: |
| Rising global temperatures have accelerated the melting of ice sheets, and the resulting rise
in sea levels has impacted the safety of coastal areas. Many coastal cities are planning adaptation
measures, such as building seawalls, reconsidering roads and drainage systems, planting waterabsorbing
vegetation, and even relocating people to higher ground. More and more coastal cities are
conducting resilience planning research and practice for flood prevention and disaster reduction
purpose. As early as 2007, New York recognized the serious threat of rising sea levels to urban flood
control and launched a long-term sustainable development plan, the New York Plan (PlaNYC), which
included forward-looking resilience initiatives, carried out relevant climate forecasts, flood risk
assessments, and improved building flood control standards, which provided important protection
during Hurricane Sandy. In 2011, the Climate Resilience Initiative was proposed. Hurricane Sandy in
2012 caused the worst natural disaster in New York’s history. Post-Sandy recovery has been an
unprecedented team effort. New York City redraws flood maps by integrating various technologies,
promulgates technical guidelines for coastal resilience to improve coastal protection, and promulgates
various land use resilience plans, as well as multiple government reports to improve urban resilience.
In addition, a coastline protection system was built, and social forces were attracted through design
competitions to carry out pilot construction. The Zoning Regulations were revised to define “Special
Coastal Risk District” and control building categories and construction intensity. In terms of rescue
funds, many rescue bills and reconstruction acquisition programs were promulgated, and various
forms of housing construction and resilience construction funding assistance were carried out. This
article systematically reviews the various measures taken by New York to improve urban resilience in
response to the threat of rising sea levels. To summarize its resilience planning experience, firstly, a
five-level classification research system of “climate resilience research-comprehensive planning
initiatives-resilience guidelines for various types of land use-engineering technical methods-resilience
planning practices” is constructed, and each level supports each other. Secondly, a multi-institutional
post-disaster response system was built many years before Hurricane Sandy, forming a disaster relief
system of pre-disaster prediction, coordinated rescue during the event, and post-disaster financial
subsidies. Thirdly, coastal disaster prevention is integrated into the daily lives of residents, and
various forms of public participation activities are carried out to enhance coastal resilience
supervision and protection. At risk from sea level rise, China’s coastal areas are seriously threatened
by marine disasters. In May 2022, the “National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy 2035” was
promulgated, which proposed the construction goal of “building a more resilient coastal zone
comprehensive protection system”. The work of coastal resilience has been promoted at the national
level. A systematic analysis of New York’s coastal resilience construction can provide reference for
my country’s coastal resilience research. |
| Key words: sea level rise coastal flooding coastal resilience plan nature-base solution |
