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| 出行即服务（MaaS）的多维城市影响及其本土化规划治理
初探 |
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谢舒逸1, 唐杰雯2, 王运生2, 吴思娇2
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1.（通讯作者）：北京交通大学建筑与艺术学院，副教授，shuyi.xie@bjtu.edu.cn;2.华侨大学建筑学院，硕士研究生
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| 摘要: |
| 出行即服务（Mobility as a Service，
MaaS）以公共交通为核心，整合多模式交通
资源构建集查询、规划、预约、支付于一体
的“门到门”按需响应出行服务系统。它深
度契合数智化、绿色化和定制化的出行发展
趋势，并驱动城市治理由“车本位”向“人
本位”转型。针对中国交通出行供需双侧协
同不足的痛点，MaaS 可成为实现资源精准
匹配与需求动态响应的关键路径。本文基于
国内外研究与实践进展，系统解析MaaS 对
城市交通服务、建成环境、社会公平的多维
影响；聚焦中国当前MaaS 发展面临的资源
整合不足、治理机制缺位、支撑体系薄弱三
大瓶颈，提出涵盖引导政策设计、商业运营
创新、协作机制构建、环境设施优化等方面
的本土化规划治理建议，以期为MaaS 的实
践提供指导，同时丰富既有研究成果。 |
| 关键词: 出行即服务（MaaS） 按需出行 智慧交通 城市系统 规划治理 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20250403003 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家资助博士后研究人员计划（GZC20240097）；国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目（52008176）；中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金（2024JBWZG005） |
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| Multidimensional urban impacts of Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS) and initial explorationof contextualized planning and governance |
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XIE Shuyi,TANG Jiewen,WANG Yunsheng,WU Sijiao
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| Abstract: |
| Mobility as a Service (MaaS) represents a public transport-oriented ecosystem that
integrates multimodal mobility resources to offer an on-demand, door-to-door mobility solution,
which includes mobility inquiry, planning, reservation, and payment. MaaS does not only align with
emerging trends in intelligent, personalized, and sustainable mobility, but also facilitates a dual
transformation in urban governance. This transformation encompasses both an institutional
dimension, which shifts from a supply-led to a demand-responsive model, and a value dimension,
which transitions from a vehicle-centric to a human-centric focus. As one of the countries with the
largest populations and the highest demand for mobility globally, China encounters complex mobility
challenges characterized by persistent supply demand tensions, rapidly upgrading demand, and
increasingly prominent governance bottlenecks. Thus, there is a pressing need for a dual-drive model
that facilitates coordinated efforts from both the supply and demand sides to achieve precise resource
allocation and dynamic responsiveness to demand. As a new-type supply-demand coordinator in
mobility, MaaS restructures mobility logic with a focus on demand-side orientation, in contrast to
traditional models that prioritize supply-side or managerial perspectives. By enabling integrated
dynamic scheduling of multimodal mobility resources, MaaS propels the mobility system towards
precise adaptation and dynamic equilibrium between supply and demand, and positioning itself as a
salient pathway for addressing China’s mobility challenges. This paper conducts a systematic analysis
of the multi-dimensional impacts of MaaS on urban systems, focusing on transportation services, built
environment, and social justice. Given international experiences and the significant challenges faced
in the development of MaaS in China, the paper offers insights into planning and governance
implications. Specifically, it posits that the primary driver of MaaS success is market demand, which
is fundamentally linked to the enhancement of intermodal mobility experiences that improve user
adoption. However, in China, the fragmented development of various mobility modes has persisted,
resulting in barriers to cross-modal coordination and a lack of dynamic interaction between supply
and demand. This fragmentation leads to prolonged waiting times, inefficient transfers, and
inconvenient payments, thereby severely compromising service quality. Consequently, it is imperative
to establish unified regulations and standards that encompass the efficacy of MaaS platforms, data
security, and emergency response protocols, with a particular emphasis on integrated multimodal
mobility and seamless payment systems. Furthermore, advancements are necessary in guiding
policies, business models, collaboration mechanisms and environment and facilities. In terms of
guidance policies, it is essential to develop specialized strategic plans at the national level to delineate
development objectives and implementation pathways. This should be accompanied by synergies in
policy innovation to bolster local pilot initiatives. Local governments are encouraged to establishquantifiable targets and articulate clear roadmaps, which may include the integration of MaaS metrics into local performance evaluations and the incorporation
of MaaS within territorial spatial planning frameworks. Moreover, the implementation of dual-track incentives is recommended, encompassing economic
subsidies and public awareness campaigns. In the context of business models, the government-enterprise cooperation model in China faces challenges related to
multi-stakeholder conflicts, low user engagement, and inadequate sustainability of commercial operations. It is recommended that efforts be made to prioritize
the integration of multimodal information to facilitate unified mobility planning and payment systems. Moreover, the development of regionally tailored and
user-tiered operational strategies is essential for diversifying service portfolios. Moreover, it is advisable to explore cross-sector linkages, such as those in real
estate, tourism, and finance, as well as to monetize virtual assets, including data, carbon credits, and advertising. Speaking for collaboration mechanisms, it is
recommended that a national governance coalition be established, drawing on the experiences of the European MaaS Alliance. This coalition should encompass
various ministries and be complemented by local MaaS coordination offices. Furthermore, it is essential to develop multi-stakeholder collaboration mechanisms
that clearly delineate responsibilities across all operational phases. Engaging non-governmental organizations, community groups, and volunteers is also
significant. In the context of environment and facilities, it is imperative to improve the public transport network, especially the shared and slow mobility
systems. This improvement should be implemented through a dual-track approach that incorporates both mandatory regulations and point-based incentive
mechanisms. Furthermore, promoting mixed-use land development around mobility hubs is suggested. Additionally, underutilized rural stations could be reused
as mobility hubs that include co-working spaces for digital nomads. It is also essential to enhance the availability of smart facilities, as well as to retrofit street
furniture, to establish real-time urban traffic perception networks. This research seeks to provide guidance for the implementation of MaaS and to enhance the
existing body of literature on the topic. Future studies could develop multiscale quantitative models to analyze the impacts of MaaS, while also evaluating the
effectiveness of various operational models and policy instruments. In practical terms, efforts could be directed towards two primary pathways, the technologyenabled
solutions, particularly the integration of autonomous vehicles, and the exploration of multiscale collaborative networks across urban clusters,
interprovincial regions, and cross-border contexts. |
| Key words: Mobility as a Service (MaaS) on-demand mobility intelligent transportation urban systems planning and governance |
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