| 摘要: |
| 文昌市东郊半岛位于海南岛东北
角，呈现河流入海口与椰林植被耦合形成
的独特“半岛椰林聚落景观”，具有极高研
究价值。通过文献查阅、实地调研、
ArcGIS 分析等方法，研究其聚落景观的生
成演变，总结其特征：一是椰林聚落是文
昌先民长期相土尝水，利用河流入海口区
位，合理布局人居环境“三生”空间形成
的聚居体系，体现人与环境的智慧互动；
二是聚落总体呈现“椰林—聚落—风水塘—
农田—聚落—鱼塘—防护林”的景观结构，
岛北为“串珠式”聚居景观，岛南为“千层
饼”聚居景观；三是该聚落景观是河流入海
口聚落景观的典型代表，其自然机理及文化
特征对同类型聚落景观的传承与创新有重要
意义。 |
| 关键词: 传统聚落 地域性景观 东郊半岛 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20230629002 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然基金（52168002）；海南省自然基金（322MS011）；海南省自然基金（725MS067） |
|
| Study on the landscape characteristics of river estuary settlements: Taking the coconutforest settlement in Wenchang Dongjiao Peninsula as an Example |
|
YANG Dinghai,LIU Li,CHEN Puling,ZHANG Rui
|
| Abstract: |
| Located in the northeast corner of Hainan Island, the Dongjiao Peninsula of Wenchang
City, due to its unique natural geographic environment of the river estuary, and the coupling
settlement of coconut grove vegetation, is a very representative regional paradigm of the peninsula
coconut grove settlement landscape, which has extremely high research value. Through the
combination of literature review and field research, GIS analysis, schema language and other research
methods, this paper analyzes the formation and evolution of the settlement landscape of the Dongjiao
Peninsula, and summarizes the characteristics of the settlement landscape of the Dongjiao Peninsula.
1) In the Dongjiao Peninsula, the coconut grove settlement is a settlement system in which the
ancestors of Wenchang have phased soil and tasted water for a long time, scientifically utilize the
special location of the river estuary, rationally arranged “production-living-ecology space” of the
habitat environment and gradually formed the landscape order, demonstrating the intelligent
interaction between local people and the settlement environment. 2) As a complete geographic unit of
the coastal zone, the Dongjiao Peninsula, under the action of tidal waves, sea breeze and sand dunes,
its internal landscape elements such as settlements, coconut groves, farmland and fishponds are based
on long-term evolution of human interaction, and gradually formed the landscape structure of
“coconut grove-settlement-wind and water ponds-farmland-settlement-fishponds-protection forests”,
which is intertwined and overall unified. Because of the differences in the driving forces of settlement
evolution in different zones of the peninsula, different landscape patterns are characterized, forming
the differences between the north and south settlement landscape systems of the DongJiao Peninsula.
Specific differences are as follows: The northern part of the island relies on lagoonal-oceanic terrace
to form a “bead-type” settlement landscape system of fan-bone radial groups with “harbors, fishpond,
rows of rice paddies, coconut groves, and cluster decentralized settlements”; The southern part of the
island conforms to the base of the sandy ridges to form a “lasagna” settlement landscape system with
parallel belt-like cascades of “windbreak forests, coconut-based fishponds, ribbon farmland, coconut
forests, and ribbon curvilinear settlements”. 3)The coconut grove settlement landscape of the
Dongjiao Peninsula is a typical representative of the river estuary settlement landscape, which is the
result of thousands of years of repeated integration of “people, land and sea”, and interprets the deep
coupling of regional landscape differences and environmental characteristics. Under the influence of
different hydrology on the north and south sides, the diversified geomorphology is formed, and on the
basis of establishing the regional environment of ecology-production-life, a diversified way of local
settlement utilization is formed through the intelligent adjustment of the shore base and the
surrounding environment, and in the long-term coupling and feedback process, the settlement
landscape system of the Dongjiao Peninsula reaches a harmonious and stable state. The naturalmechanism and cultural characteristics of the settlement landscape formation are the regional expression of human-earth wisdom interaction in the habitat
environment, and also the basis for establishing regional cultural identity, which is beneficial to the understanding of the same type of settlement landscapes and
their inheritance and innovative development. |
| Key words: traditional settlements regional landscape Dongjiao Peninsula |
