| 摘要: |
| 随着城镇化与便捷交通的迅猛发展，
城市面临突发公共卫生事件的威胁。限于对
未知病原微生物的认知空白，现有疾病预防
控制系统难以对突发公共卫生事件做出及时、
准确和有效的科学决策。如何增强城市韧性、
提高城市应对突发公共卫生事件的处置能力
成为亟待解决的问题。本研究通过文献调研，
归纳总结了新兴的环境监测技术——污水流
行病学的原理及其应用，重点介绍该技术在
重大传染病疫情防控中的研究进展；基于污
水流行病学技术，提出通过规划布设社区实
时环境监测系统，建立突发公共卫生事件辅
助监控系统；根据我国公共卫生事件预警与
监测系统以及城镇排水系统现状，对方案的
可行性展开分析。本研究结果可为科学、精
准和精细实施疫情防控奠定理论基础。 |
| 关键词: 城市韧性 突发公共卫生事件 污
水流行病学 排水系统 监控系统 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20240229004 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:福建省自然科学基金项目（2021J05132） |
|
| Promotion strategies for urban resilience based on wastewater-based epidemiology |
|
ZHANG Ying,ZHENG Chujun,GUO Zhixuan,HUANG Weiyi,JIANG Senhua,HE Lei
|
| Abstract: |
| With the rapid development of urbanization and the transportation, cities are increasingly
vulnerable to a variety of public health emergencies. Due to the limit of current knowledge about
emerging pathogenic microorganisms, it is challenging to implement timely, accurate, and effective
control strategies to prevent the outbreak of infectious diseases in their early stages. To enhance urban
resilience and improve the capacity to deal with public health emergencies, this study reviews the
literature to summarize the principles and applications of a novel environmental monitoring method—
wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE), focusing on the research progress of WBE in the prevention
and control of major infectious disease outbreaks. This study provides a detailed analysis of the
current situation of public health emergency early warning and monitoring systems as well as urban
drainage systems in China. Furthermore, it proposes to establish a public health surveillance system
based on WBE technology to promote the urban resilience. It also verifies the feasibility of this
surveillance system and provide suggestions for the future development. Firstly, the structure and
arrangement of underground drainage pipe network system in typical communities in domestic cities
and towns are investigated at a graded level to analyze the characteristics of the division of urban
community units in China and to obtain the spatial distribution pattern of the laying of the municipal
pipe network system in China’s communities. Secondly, because the phenomenon of infiltration into
the drainage network is more serious in China, which may dilute the concentration of viral RNA in
sewage and affect the accuracy of the WBE monitoring results, consideration can be given to setting
up additional sewage sampling points in communities with high population mobility or dense
populations that are at risk of potential epidemic transmission. Thirdly, given the potential uncertainty
of WBE technology, it is necessary to further delineate the suspected community based on the
diagnosis and treatment data from community hospitals, first- and second-tier hospitals, and hospitals
for infectious diseases in the area after the initial identification of the suspected risk area, and to send
investigators to conduct epidemiological traceability investigations in the suspected risk area. The
WBE technology can provide objective information on the health or infection status of the population
for the early warning, prediction and surveillance system of public health emergencies through the
detection of viruses and their markers in wastewater, which is of potential application value and
possibility. Nevertheless, due to the limitations of the existing drainage system and sewage detection
technology, there has not been any practical application of WBE-based public health event monitoring
system in China. Based on the relevant research results at home and abroad and the future
development of China’s drainage system, this study introduces the principle and application of WBE
technology in detail, and based on the collection and processing capacity of China’s drainage system,
makes suggestions on the specific implementation program of WBE technology and the construction
of the urban public health emergency monitoring system in the hope of providing theoretical support
to enhance the city’s resistance to the impacts of sudden and major public health events. |
| Key words: urban resilience public health emergency wastewater-based epidemiology sewage
system surveillance system |
