| 摘要: |
| 敦煌文化是世界文明的璀璨明珠，
敦煌壁画的建筑学研究对补充古代建筑史料
具有重要意义。文章以敦煌壁画77 幅城垣图
像为研究对象，借助图像复写提取城形、
墙、门和城外环境等要素，运用数理统计分
析法对其蕴含的信息进行解译。研究发现：
第一，以重要要素出现与消失为历史节点将
敦煌壁画城垣演变分为继承、发展、成熟和
演化4 个时期；第二，敦煌壁画城垣形成以
礼乐制度内涵式影响为主导，社会思想政策
和营造技术等渐进指导式影响为辅的范型演
变规律；第三，敦煌壁画城垣图像具有中国
古代城市的范型特征，展示了丰富立体的古
代城垣形象。本研究可为中国古代城垣图像
库的构建，古代城市遗址考古研究提供理论
借鉴。 |
| 关键词: 敦煌壁画 城垣 范型演变 信息
解译 历史图景 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20240111004 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（52068040）；甘肃省建设科技软科学项目（JK2022-21） |
|
| Study in the evolution of Dunhuang frescoes city wall paradigm based on theinterpretation of historical prospect information |
|
GENG Manguo,TANG Xianglong
|
| Abstract: |
| The Dunhuang culture is a dazzling pearl of world civilization, and the Mogao Grottoes are
a typical representative of it. The well protection of the Mogao Grottoes and the well inheritance of
Dunhuang culture are the responsibility of the Chinese for the progress of world civilization. The
architectural history of the Dunhuang frescoes is an important basis for refining the history of ancient
architecture, so this paper takes 77 images of city walls in Dunhuang frescoes as the object, and
interprets the historical picture. Image rewriting and extraction techniques of CAD are used to
perform mathematical analyses such as quantitative statistics and correlation of the four first-level
elements of the city wall images in Dunhuang frescoes, which including the city “shape”, city “wall”,
city “gate” and the environment outside the city, as well as 32 sub-elements, and interpret the
information in it. The study shows:The study categorizes the evolution of the city wall in Dunhuang
frescoes by the appearance and disappearance of important elements such as city shape, walls, and
gates as historical nodes into four periods: inheritance, development, maturity, and evolution. The city
wall in the Northern Wei Dynasty to the Northern Zhou Dynasty belongs to the period of inheritance,
and the social upheaval during this period made the city walls focus on defense. The city wall from
the Sui Dynasty to the Early Tang Dynasty as a period of development. After the unification of the Sui
and Tang dynasties, political stability led to economic development and the construction of cities. The
elements of city walls in this frescoes period are gradually enriched, and show that the ritual system
began to be established. The city wall in the Grand Tang to Late Tang dynasties were the period of
maturity, a period of economic prosperity and development, when the technology and types of city
walls matured, and the ritual hierarchy was established. The city wall in the Five Dynasties belongs to
the period of evolution, the defense function of the wall reappeared in the frescoes with the emergence
of the late Tang Dynasty local ruling regimes. In addition, the low-level local city wall has also
evolved and matured.The shape of the city gate is the dominant element in the transformation of the
city wall paradigm and historical staging, in which the emergence of a large number of corner towers
in the Grand Tang can divide the evolution of the city wall into two periods. In addition, the shape of
the city and its external environment evolved slowly during this period. City wall in Dunhuang
frescoes form evolutionary paradigm of dominated by the connotative impacts of the ritual and music
system, supplemented by the gradual guiding impacts of social ideology, policy, and construction
techniques. Through the correlation analysis of the number of gateways, the opening of the citadel and
the form of the roof, which reflect the ritual system of the city wall, it is found that the city walls of
Dunhuang frescoes are in line with the ancient ritual system, and the ritual system is the main factor in
the transformation of the city wall paradigm.The images of city wall in Dunhuang frescoes are formed
under the combined effect of multiple factors, which is dominated by the ritual system. According to
the paradigm theory, the images of city wall are historical images close to the reality of the archetypes
formed with the painters reached the state of expression of the “collective unconscious”. Therefore,although some of the city wall images differ from the realization, it can still consider the images of city wall in Dunhuang frescoes to have the paradigmatic
characteristics of ancient Chinese cities, and regard them as the mapping of the real cities in ancient China.The study of Dunhuang frescoes architecture is of
great significance in supplementing the historical materials of ancient architecture. According to the research, although some of the city wall images differ from
the realization, but it can still build the ancient city wall image library by them through the exclusion, screening and organization based on historical data. This
paper proves that the images of city wall in Dunhuang frescoes comprehensively display the rich and three-dimensional image of ancient city walls, and at the
same time, it can also provide theoretical reference for the construction of the image library of ancient Chinese city walls and the archaeological research of
ancient cities.Dunhuang frescoes shows the historical picture of ancient China’s architecture for thousands of years, which is an important historical material
for the study of China’s ancient architectural research, especially the pre-Tang Dynasty architecture. In future research, it can be studied from the ancient
planning ideas, the construction of human settlements, residential architecture and garden architecture and other directions in Dunhuang frescoes, and provide
new historical materials for the history of Chinese architecture and urban construction. In addition, 3D restoration modeling of the images of city wall in
Dunhuang frescoes can be carried out to enrich the historical materials of ancient Chinese architecture with more intuitive and real information. |
| Key words: Dunhuang frescoes city wall paradigm shift information interpretation historical prospect |
