| 摘要: |
| 明清黄河故道沿线聚落群的发展格局
与人居景观模式具有地域典型性，其时空演变
过程伴随着乡村社会人水关系的转型，历时性
研究的发展经验总结对于洪灾愈加频繁的当今
社会具有现实价值。以黄河故道阜宁段为例，
对清代、民国、现今三个历史阶段的聚落群与
水文信息进行考证，运用ArcGIS 进行数字化
转译并对比分析。研究发现，聚落群发展格局
由“个体发展”转变为“整体发展”，人居景
观模式由破碎化的“个体受灾型”演变为稳定
化的“整体防灾型”。在此过程中，系统性的
水利建设发挥着重要作用：早期区域社会处于
“个体发展”阶段，抗灾无力，人居系统具有
高度脆弱性。建国后，系统性的水利工程作为
抗灾体系的骨架，将生态、生产、生活要素构
建为一个有机整体，推动了区域社会的整体协
调性发展，塑造了因地制宜的水适应性人居景
观。故道沿线片区的发展转型是自上而下的水
利建设与自下而上的聚落营建共同作用的结
果，是区域乡村社会可持续发展的珍贵范本。 |
| 关键词: 明清黄河故道 防灾景观 水适应性
人居景观 人水关系 水利建设 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20230601002 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目: |
|
| Evolution of development pattern and human habitat landscape model of rural settlementcluster along the Ming-Qing old course of the Yellow River：Taking the section in FuningCounty, Jiangsu Province as an example |
|
ZHANG Xuenan,LI Xiaoyun,ZHOU Ling
|
| Abstract: |
| Traditional agriculture is overly dependent on natural conditions, which was particularly
evident in the early society, and the area along the Ming-Qing old course of the Yellow River is
more like a typical slice, where the contradiction between disasters and human settlements is more
prominent. The area flourished on the Huai River and suffered from the floods of the Yellow River.
It relied on the protection of hydraulic engineering and accommodated a large number of political
immigrants. Avoiding the harm of water while pursuing the benefit of water is the way of survival
for settlements and residents along the river. The development pattern and human habitat landscape
model of rural settlement cluster along the Ming-Qing old course of the Yellow River are typical of
the region, and their evolution process is accompanied by the transformation of the human-water
relationship in rural society. The summary of development experience in diachronic research is of
practical value to today’s society where floods are becoming more frequent. In recent years, the
area along the old course of the Yellow River has gained new development opportunities through
policies such as the ecological corridor construction, the irrigation area construction, and rural
revitalization. The human habitat landscape along the old course of the Yellow River carries the
culture of the ancient Huai River and the ancient Yellow River. Incorporating it into tourism can
promote the integrated development of agriculture, culture and tourism. Based on the above
background, taking the area along the old course of the Yellow River in Funing County as an
example, the settlement cluster information and hydrological information of three historical stages
(the Qing Dynasty, the Republic of China and the present-day) were restored, and ArcGIS was used
to digitize and compare. The study found that water environment affected politics and military,
landform and flooding, water transportation and trade, thus having a great impact on the rise and
fall of settlements along the old river course. Specifically, military settlements were built near the
water, residents preferred to build their settlements by dikes, and market towns emerged near
waterways and ferries. Combining the above analysis, it explored the evolution of development
pattern and human habitat landscape model of rural settlement cluster under the influence of water
environment. The study found that the development pattern of settlements along the old river course
has changed from a hierarchical and scattered individual type to a balanced and integrated overall
type. The human habitat landscape model has changed from a fragmented disaster-stricken type in
which settlements and flood traces are passively integrated to a stable disaster-prevention type inwhich settlements and the water conservancy system are integrated as a whole. In this process, systematic water conservancy construction has played an
important role, driving the transformation of human-water relationship from seeking individual survival in floods to seeking overall development relying on
water conservancy. In the early stage, regional society was in the stage of individual development. The single, decentralized and closed natural economic
structure made the human habitat system highly vulnerable and unable to resist disasters. After the founding of the People’s Republic of China, systematic
water conservancy projects created an integrated pattern of strip fields and water networks, which became the framework of the disaster prevention system. At
the same time, it also laid an important foundation for the construction of the road network. Subsequently, the transportation mode changed from water
transportation type to land transportation type, and the connections within the region and between the region and the outside world were enhanced. Systematic
water conservancy construction did not only end the history of disasters along the old river course, but also promoted the transformation of rural economic
development, achieved multi-objective collaborative governance, and provided a steady stream of power for the sustainable development of regional society.
The three types of elements of ecology, production and life have been constructed as an organic whole, achieving the overall coordinated development of
regional society. The water-adaptive human habitat landscape model along the old river course is precisely based on this development pattern. Therefore, it can
be said that the development transformation and the scientific reconstruction of the human habitat system of the area along the old course of the Yellow River
are the result of the joint action of top-down water conservancy construction and bottom-up settlement construction. Therefore, the development model of the
area along the old river course provides a valuable template for disaster prevention and sustainable development of regional rural society. |
| Key words: the Ming-Qing old course of the Yellow River disaster-preventive landscape water-adaptive human habitat landscape human-water relationship water conservancy construction |
