| 摘要: |
| 流域国土空间规划治理是实
现流域高质量发展的重要议题。首
先，简要回顾并反思我国流域治理的
发展历程，认为区域—要素统筹薄
弱、事权职能衔接疏松、发展规律尊
重不足是当前流域治理的主要问题；
其次，简述美国、芬兰与澳大利亚的
流域综合规划实践，分别从用途管控
引导空间战略、政策权威结合工具科
学、组织协同保障决策适应三方面借
鉴其先进经验并分析对我国的适用
性；最后，结合国土空间规划体系构
建与治理能力现代化转型，提出创新
和完善我国流域国土空间规划治理的
思路，包括资源禀赋与功能定位匹
配、空间事权与规划体系整合、弹性
决策与跨界权衡并重、动态评估与信
息管理同步。 |
| 关键词: 流域综合规划 国际经验 空间治理 流域国土空间规划 治理
现代化 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20231022001 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金面上项目 (52078329)；国家自然科学基金国际（地区）合作与交流项目（52061160366） |
|
| International experience of comprehensive river basin planning and its enlightenment ofthe improvement of spatial planning governance of river basin |
|
WANG Gaoyuan,CHEN Tian,WANG Dailei
|
| Abstract: |
| The territorial planning and governance of river basin is an important issue in achieving highquality
development of the basin. As a crucial component of national land space, the high-quality
development of watersheds aligns intrinsically with the construction of spatial governance systems.
Watersheds have become essential units for advancing the modernization of the national governance system.
The establishment of the national spatial planning system offers an opportunity to reshape the spatial order of
river basin governance, presenting new propositions and higher standards for watershed planning and
management. The development of watersheds necessitates maximizing comprehensive benefits, with
coordination, stability, and sustainability as core elements. Drawing from global experiences, comprehensive
watershed planning emerges as a vital tool to ensure effective and favorable watershed governance
development. However, China’s current watershed planning and governance encounter issues such as
management fragmentation, system disconnection, outdated methods, and unclear boundaries. Addressing
how to allocate resources, optimize planning systems comprehensively, and collaborate with a wide array of
stakeholders to implement development concepts and governance goals is crucial. This approach aims to
scientifically plan the ecological protection and high-quality development of watersheds, making it an urgent
concern in watershed spatial governance. This paper first briefly reviews and reflects on the development
process of river governance in China. China’s integrated watershed management is continually innovating
and has undergone four main periods since the founding of New China: the development of traditional water
conservancy, the advancement of water-related projects, integrated watershed management, and the concept
of a life community encompassing mountains, waters, forests, fields, lakes, and grasses.At present, watershed
planning and governance are characterized by three main problems. The first is the weak coordination of
regional-element. The parallelism of water function areas and basin control units creates obstacles to regionalelement
integration. The second problem is the loose articulation of affairs and functions. The connection of
authority and function is essential for implementing river basin planning, but currently, there are issues both
horizontally and vertically. Horizontally, the synergy of the basin governance system is weak. Vertically, the
interaction between the central government and local governments is inadequate. The third issue is the
insufficient respect for development laws. On the one hand, there is a lack of understanding of the spatial
layout laws of the watershed in plan preparation. On the other hand, the assessment of administrative region
divisions tends to emphasize short-term interests over overall protection. To address the above issues, this
study briefly introduces the practices of comprehensive river basin planning in the United States, Finland, and
Australia, drawing advanced experiences from three aspects: use control guiding spatial strategy, policy
authority combined with tool science, and organizational coordination ensuring decisional adaptation. Thestudy also points out that the applicability of this experience to China is reflected in three aspects: a use-oriented strategy guarantees the value of the planning
intention, policy combination tools enhance the seriousness of the planning process, and organizational guarantee decision-making strengthens the articulation
and coordination of planning and implementation.Finally, in combination with the construction of the territorial planning system and the modernization reform
trend of the governance capacity, four ideas of innovating and improving the territorial planning and governance of river basin are proposed. The first idea is
matching resource endowment with functional positioning. The functional positioning of watershed spaces should align with their resource endowment, and the
goals and paths of watershed planning should be guided by the designated use of these elements. The second idea is integrating spatial authority and the
planning system. This involves promoting high-level management of comprehensive planning, formulating the outline of basin law and development planning
as the top-level design, and preparing special plans related to basin land and spatial planning. The third idea is giving equal emphasis to flexible decisionmaking.
A multilevel, multiagency, and multisectoral coordination and safeguard mechanism should be established to encourage the involvement of
multidimensional planning values and the enrichment of local informal complementary tools. The fourth idea is cross-border tradeoff and synchronizing
dynamic assessment and information management. This involves strengthening the impact assessment and dynamic adjustment mechanisms for planning,
design, and construction operations to enhance the effectiveness of watershed planning and management. In the future, watershed territorial spatial planning
should seize the opportunity of systemic reform and construct a watershed territorial spatial planning governance system and methodology with Chinese
characteristics that meet actual governance needs and support the system of territorial spatial development and protection in the new era. |
| Key words: comprehensive river planning international experience spatial governance territorial planning of river basin governance modernization |
