| 摘要: |
| 庄园是四川民居的典型代表，受战乱等因素影响现存四川庄园多为清代建造。基于类型学研究方法,从空间要素、空间基本单元、空间平面布局三方面构建出四川清代庄园空间特征分类体系，利用聚类分析得到庄园分类结果，再使用随机森林分类器拟合该结果并将庄园划分为五种类型，结合园主家族、社会背景等因素进行综合讨论，总结归纳出基础式、简约式、宏阔式、生态式和山水式5类庄园原型及其特征。研究表明：1）四川清代汉族庄园选址注重风水，周边环境清幽，往往靠山环水，山水布局以山水式庄园最为突出；2）空间要素对空间特征重要性影响程度：建筑>山石>水体>植物，宏阔式、生态式和山水式庄园要素丰富，满足休憩游赏等多种需求，简约式和基础式庄园要素相对匮乏，满足一般生活之需；3）在同一庄园中各类空间基本单元无明显特征规律，在各类庄园中回字型数量最多，正院均为回字型，可见四合院形制对庄园的影响；4）纵横联院式占比最高，是四川清代汉族庄园最常见的空间布局形式。空间要素包含着微观内容，空间基本单元与空间平面布局影响着宏观格局，其相互作用共同决定着庄园特征。研究院落空间特征，为四川传统民居保护与传承提供借鉴。 |
| 关键词: 四川庄园 类型学 院落空间特征 清代 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:TU986 |
| 基金项目: |
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| A Typological Study on the Spatial Characteristics of Courtyards in Qing Dynasty Han Chinese Manors in Sichuan Province |
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ChenYI1, Ye zi yi2
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1.ACollege of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University;2.College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University
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| Abstract: |
| The manor is a typical representative of Sichuan residential architecture. Due to factors such as warfare, most of the existing manors in Sichuan are from the Qing Dynasty. Based on the research method of typology, this study constructs a classification system for the spatial characteristics of Qing Dynasty manors in Sichuan from three aspects: spatial elements, basic spatial units, and spatial plan layout. Cluster analysis is employed to obtain the classification results of the manors, and a random forest classifier is used to fit these results, dividing the manors into five types. Combined with factors such as the manor owners’ families and social backgrounds, a comprehensive discussion is conducted. Five types of manor prototypes and their characteristics are summarized: basic, simplified, grand, ecological, and landscape-oriented. The study reveals the following findings: 1) The site selection of Qing Dynasty Han Chinese manors in Sichuan emphasizes Feng Shui, with a preference for tranquil surroundings, often located against mountains and encircled by water. The layout of mountains and water is most prominent in landscape-oriented manors; 2) The importance of spatial elements to spatial characteristics is ranked as follows: architecture > rockery > water bodies > plants. Grand, ecological, and landscape-oriented manors are rich in elements and meet various needs for rest and recreation, while simplified and basic manors have relatively fewer elements and primarily satisfy general living requirements. 3) There is no clear pattern among different types of basic spatial units within the same manor. However, the number of courtyard-type units is the highest across all manors, with the main courtyard being courtyard-type, indicating the significant influence of the siheyuan (courtyard house) form on manors; 4) The longitudinal and transverse linked courtyard layout is the most common spatial arrangement in Sichuan Qing Dynasty Han manors. Spatial elements contain micro-level content, while basic spatial units and spatial plan layout influence the macro-level pattern. Their interaction collectively determines the characteristics of the manor. The research on the spatial characteristics of courtyards provides a reference for the protection and inheritance of traditional Sichuan residential architecture. |
| Key words: Sichuan manor typology courtyard space characteristics Qing dynasty |
