| 摘要: |
| 海平面上升冲击滨海地区安全,全球越来越多的滨海城市开展以防洪减灾为核心的韧性规划研究与实践。本文聚焦纽约滨海韧性规划研究和实践,回顾纽约市早期开展的气候变化研究,重点分析2012年“桑迪飓风”之后滨海韧性规划研究与实践,包括重新绘制洪水地图,颁布多项目技术指南文件、总结建筑和海岸防护技术,组织构建覆盖全域的滨海防护体系,并开展试点建设等方面内容。梳理纽约韧性规划体系的建设过程,总结纽约市多年研究与实践经验,以期在构建多层次跨部门的滨海韧性研究、治理体系,建设多机构衔接的灾后保障快速响应体系,开展全域防护的试点工作,开展广泛公众参与提升公众滨海韧性的防护意识工作等方面为我国滨海韧性规划研究和实践提供借鉴。 |
| 关键词: 海平面上升 沿海洪水 滨海韧性规划 空间规划 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:TU981 |
| 基金项目:2024年度辽宁省社会科学规划基金项目 |
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| Overview of New York Coastal Resilience Planning Research and Practice Progress |
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Chen Fei1, Cao Shiyin, Cai Jun1, Xu Shiguang2, Feng Tianzhao3, Hu Qinlan3
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1.Dalian University of Technology;2.Guang Zhou Urban Planning Design Survey Research Institute;3.Dian University of Technology
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| Abstract: |
| Rising global temperatures have accelerated the melting of ice sheets, and the resulting rise in sea levels has impacted the safety of coastal areas. Many coastal cities are planning adaptation measures, such as building seawalls, reconsidering roads and drainage systems, planting water-absorbing vegetation, and even relocating people to higher ground. More and more coastal cities are conducting resilience planning research and practice for flood prevention and disaster reduction purpose. As early as 2007, New York recognized the serious threat of rising sea levels to urban flood control and launched a long-term sustainable development plan, the New York Plan (PlaNYC), which included forward-looking resilience initiatives, carried out relevant climate forecasts, flood risk assessments, and improved building flood control standards, which provided important protection during Hurricane Sandy. In 2011, the Climate Resilience Initiative was proposed. Hurricane Sandy in 2012 caused the worst natural disaster in New York's history. Post-Sandy recovery has been an unprecedented team effort. New York City redraws flood maps by integrating various technologies, promulgates technical guidelines for coastal resilience to improve coastal protection, and promulgates various land use resilience plans, as well as multiple government reports to improve urban resilience. In addition, a coastline protection system was built, and social forces were attracted through design competitions to carry out pilot construction. The Zoning Regulations were revised to define "Special Coastal Risk District" and control building categories and construction intensity. In terms of rescue funds, many rescue bills and reconstruction acquisition programs were promulgated, and various forms of housing construction and resilience construction funding assistance were carried out. This article systematically reviews the various measures taken by New York to improve urban resilience in response to the threat of rising sea levels. To summarize its resilience planning experience, first, a five-level classification research system of "climate resilience research-comprehensive planning initiatives-resilience guidelines for various types of land use-engineering technical methods-resilience planning practices" is constructed, and each level supports each other. Secondly, a multi-institutional post-disaster response system was built many years before Hurricane Sandy, forming a disaster relief system of pre-disaster prediction, coordinated rescue during the event, and post-disaster financial subsidies. Thirdly, coastal disaster prevention is integrated into the daily lives of residents, and various forms of public participation activities are carried out to enhance coastal resilience supervision and protection. At risk from sea level rise, China's coastal areas are seriously threatened by marine disasters. In May 2022, my country promulgated the "National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy 2035", which proposed the construction goal of "building a more resilient coastal zone comprehensive protection system". The work of coastal resilience has been promoted at the national level. A systematic analysis of New York's coastal resilience construction can provide reference for my country's coastal resilience research. |
| Key words: Sea Level Rise Coastal Flooding Coastal Resilience Plan Spatial Plan |
