| 摘要: |
| 关中盆地为相对封闭的地貌单元，其所承载的自然、人工要素均具有特殊的地貌烙印。但少有从全域尺度、次级地貌分异角度详析其影响下的城邑、农地差异化特征。通过对比分析、田野调查、文献研究、归纳演绎、定性与定量结合等方法，利用ArcGIS软件，以对象型地形因子解析次级地貌类型格局与形态分异特征；以之为骨架，解析城邑选址、农地开发差异化特征。研究表明，山地、台塬、平原次级地貌的空间格局、形态明显分异且以渭河为轴，南北不均衡对称，其影响下的古代城邑宏观选区演变、微观立基类型，农地开发重点空间转移、农地结构等与地貌分异特征具有明显的因果关联，且城邑与农地发展时空耦合程度紧密。可为类似自然要素与人工要素特征的特殊性、关联性研究提供指导，也可为保护利用要素本体、延续显化方法规律等提供启示。 |
| 关键词: 关中盆地 地貌分异 城邑选址 农地开发 城址演变 农地结构 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:TU986 |
| 基金项目:教育部人文社会科学研究项目(18YJC850016)；中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2019ZY43) |
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| Research on Traditional City Siting and Farmland Exploitation Characteristics in Guan Zhong Basin Based on Geomorphic Differentiation |
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WANG Jiwei, LIU Wei, ZHU Jianning
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Beijing Forestry University
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| Abstract: |
| Guan Zhong Basin is a relatively closed geomorphic unit. It is found that the natural and artificial elements have special geomorphic imprints. However, a few studies have analyzed the city and farmland difference characteristic under its influence from the perspective of whole-scale and secondary geomorphic differentiation. Through comparative analysis, field investigation, literature research, induction and deduction, and the combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, using ArcGIS software, the article analyzes the pattern and morphology differentiation characteristics of secondary geomorphic types by using object-type topographic factors, analyzes the city siting and farmland exploitation differentiation characteristics with secondary geomorphic types as the framework.
In terms of geomorphic differentiation characteristics, from the perspective of geomorphic spatial pattern, it is found that the plain, tableland and mountain show uneven and symmetrical oval nesting and ladder climbing characteristics with the Weihe River as the axis in both horizontal and vertical directions, based on using morphological factors such as the width and average relative elevation of various landforms on the south and north sides of the Weihe River. From the perspective of geomorphic spatial morphology, it is found that the mountain fold morphology and the tableland erosion morphology also present obvious uneven and symmetrical characteristics based on the morphological factors such as saddle point, summit point, ridgeline, valley line and gully line.
In terms of siting characteristics of ancient cities based on geomorphic differentiation, from the perspective of macro selection, the layout of the cities presents an expansion process from the tail of low and flat tableland to the positive area of plain, to concave-convex joint area in the middle cut or sloping tableland at higher elevation. From the micro-city foundation point, it is coupled with the scale and combination of "flat land and mountain tableland", because of the similar landform morphology in the north and south of the Wei River, there are four city foundation modes of two sides, such as on the top of tableland, on the slope of tableland, landmark on the top of tableland and adjacent to tableland.
In terms of farmland exploitation characteristics based on geomorphic differentiation, from the perspective of the key spatial transfer of farmland exploitation, the overall farmland showed an expansion trend from the low and flat tableland, the plain with fresh water in central and western Guanzhong Area, to the plain with salt water and sand in central and eastern Guanzhong Area, and then to the sloping tableland at high altitude. With the enhancement of the ability of soil and water management and micro-geomorphic modification, the farmland irrigation system has been built on the tableland and plain, and the unusable land such as mountain and flood land have been exploited. The farmland area and irrigation area in north of Weihe River is larger than the area in south of Weihe River. From the perspective of farmland structure, coupled with the scale and density of mountain fold, tableland-plain erosion form, there are three types are summarized, such as long rectangular plots of flood land area, wide rectangular plots of flat tableland and plain area, and terrace of steep tableland or mountain area.
Through the analysis of the siting of ancient cities and farmland exploitation from the perspective of geomorphic differentiation, it can be found that there are also very close coupling characteristics between the two, including the coordination between the macro-constituency of ancient cities and the key space of farmland exploitation, the dependence of cities on farmland, and the identity of using principles of geomorphic form between the specific city siting and the structure of farmland.
The above methods or conclusions can provide guidance for the study of the particularity and correlation between similar natural and artificial elements, and also provide enlightenment for the protection and utilization of the element ontology and the continuation and externingzine of the methods and rules. |
| Key words: Guan Zhong Basin Geomorphic Differentiation City Siting Farmland Exploitation City Site Evolution Farmland Structure |
