| 摘要: |
| 公园在缓解城市热岛效应和提高居民热舒适度方面发挥着重要作用。然而，公园周边建成环境差异对不同类型公园降温效果的影响尚缺乏研究。本研究利用局地气候区表征公园周边建成环境特点，并根据公园内部蓝绿要素占比划分湖泊型公园和绿地型公园，以探究公园外部建成环境和内部特征对其降温效果的影响。结果表明，第一组公园周边环境以开阔型中层建筑为主，而第二组公园周边以开阔型高层建筑为主。相对于第一组公园，第二组公园具有更高的降温强度，二者降温强度的差异为1.23 ℃。不同建成环境下湖泊型公园的降温强度显著大于绿地型公园；湖泊型公园最大降温距离集中分布在200~300米之间，而绿地型公园的最大降温距离具有较大离散性，对周边建成环境变化敏感。在周边建成环境相似的条件下，湖泊型与绿地型公园的水体占比与公园冷岛强度之间均表现为显著正相关。当公园内水体占比在30~60%区间内波动时，水体占比变化对公园冷岛强度的影响较小，而低于或超过区间阈值时，公园冷岛强度随着单位水体占比的增加而显著增强。研究结果对城市公园规划布局，增强其辐射降温效果具有重要的理论指导意义。 |
| 关键词: 建成环境 城市公园 降温效应 景观格局 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:TU985.12 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（面上项目，重点项目，重大项目）；武汉市气象科技联合项目； |
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| The Cooling Effect of Urban Parks in Different Built Environments: A Case Study in Wuhan |
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Cao Qian,Zheng Yuzhen,Deng Xiangwen,Gao Wei,Xia Zhihong
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| Abstract: |
| Parks play an important role in mitigating the urban heat island effect and improving the thermal comfort of residents. However, the impact of built environment differences on the cooling effect of different types of parks has been understudied. Here, we employed local climate zones to characterize the built environment surrounding the park, and further categorized the park into lake-type and green-type based on the proportion of blue and green elements within the park, to explore the influence of the external and internal features on the cooling effect of the park. Results show that open mid-rise buildings dominate the surrounding environment of the first group of parks, while open high-rise buildings dominate that of the second group of parks. Compared with the first group of parks, the second group has a higher cooling intensity, and the difference in cooling intensity is 1.23 ℃. The cooling intensity of lake-type parks is significantly greater than that of green-type parks under different built environments. The maximum cooling distance of lake-type parks is concentrated between 200 and 300 meters, while the maximum cooling distance of green-type parks is relatively discrete and sensitive to the changes in the surrounding built environment. There is a significant positive correlation between the proportion of water in lake-type and green-type parks and the park cool island intensity (PCII) under similar built environments. When the water proportion in the park remains within the 30-60% range, its fluctuations have little impact on the PCII. However, once the water proportion falls below or exceeds this threshold, the PCII increases sharply with the proportion of water in the park. The research results have important theoretical significance for the planning and layout of urban parks and the enhancement of their radiative cooling effect. |
| Key words: Built Environment Urban Park Cooling Effect Landscape Pattern |
