| 摘要: |
| 随着嫦娥探月工程的推进，我国在月球科学研究方面取得了显著进展，月球科研站的建设已成为关键基础设施之一。本文系统回顾了现有的月球光照研究与关键技术，分析了多种科研站方案类型，并结合高分辨率地形数据和光照模拟技术，基于类比迁移理论提出光照模拟融入驻人月球科研站设计的技术路线并进行初步应用，选取典型建筑形态开展光照模拟分析，量化建筑表面光照分布特性并生成可视化结果。研究结果验证了技术路线的可行性，为完善月球建筑设计的理论框架提供了可能的参考。未来研究可进一步优化技术路线，结合实际需求，推动月球驻人科研站在极端环境下的建筑设计的稳定性与可持续性发展。 |
| 关键词: 月球科研站 月球光照 技术路线 建筑设计 类比迁移理论 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:G642 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（面上项目，重点项目，重大项目） |
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| Exploration of Illumination Simulation Techniques and Architectural Applications for Lunar Manned Research Stations |
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Shi Ligang, Bi Xiaotong, Liu Jiaou
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| Abstract: |
| As the China Lunar Exploration Project (CLEP) progresses, significant advancements have been made in China's lunar science research, establishing the construction of lunar research stations as critical infrastructure. These stations are not only integral for advancing lunar scientific exploration but also serve as a foundation for leveraging the Moon’s unique environment for space development and resource utilization. This paper systematically reviews the existing research on lunar illumination and its associated key technologies, highlighting gaps in the integration of illumination simulation into the design of manned lunar research stations. Based on the theory of analogical transfer, a novel technical framework is proposed to incorporate illumination simulation into architectural design processes. This framework leverages high-resolution terrain data and advanced illumination simulation techniques to address the challenges of the Moon’s extreme environment.
The study identifies three primary methods for lunar illumination simulation: remote sensing imagery, ray tracing, and the maximum altitude angle method. Among these, the maximum altitude angle method is recognized as the most effective for analyzing polar regions, offering higher precision and suitability for long-term illumination studies. Using digital elevation models (DEMs) and DE430 ephemeris data, solar altitude and azimuth angles were calculated for a specific site near the Shackleton crater ridge (coordinates: 89.45°S, 222.61°E), known for its extended periods of sunlight and strategic importance for potential lunar missions. Illumination conditions at this site were analyzed to provide essential data for architectural simulations.
The proposed technical route consists of six key steps: (1) calculating solar positional data, including altitude and azimuth angles, using ephemeris data; (2) constructing terrain models from DEM data and deriving maximum terrain angles; (3) evaluating illumination conditions by comparing solar altitude angles with maximum terrain angles to determine sunlight exposure; (4) preparing illumination data as input for architectural simulations; (5) modeling typical architectural forms, such as hemispherical structures, using Rhino and Grasshopper; (6) performing illumination simulations to visualize and optimize building designs. This approach ensures that unique challenges posed by lunar conditions, such as low solar altitude angles and limited illumination variability, are effectively addressed.
The study focuses on hemispherical structures due to their structural efficiency and suitability for lunar habitats. By simulating illumination distribution on these structures under lunar and terrestrial polar conditions, the research highlights significant contrasts in illumination patterns. The lunar environment, characterized by consistently low solar altitude angles, results in a more uniform and subdued illumination distribution. In contrast, higher solar angles at the Earth’s poles lead to more varied illumination patterns influenced by building geometry and surface orientation. These findings emphasize the need for lunar architectural designs to prioritize energy efficiency, optimized spatial layout, and adaptability to minimal solar input.
Key results demonstrate the feasibility and reliability of the proposed technical framework. The integration of high-resolution terrain data with solar illumination models provides accurate predictions of solar exposure, aiding in the strategic placement of research stations and optimization of building geometries. The use of analogical transfer theory proves effective in adapting terrestrial design principles to extraterrestrial environments, bridging gaps in current methodologies. Additionally, the framework enables the generation of visualized results, such as illumination distribution maps, which facilitate intuitive understanding and refinement of architectural designs.
This study contributes to the theoretical foundation of lunar architectural design by offering a validated methodology for incorporating solar illumination simulations into building planning. The findings provide practical insights for designing sustainable and functional manned lunar research stations capable of operating under extreme environmental conditions. Future research should focus on enhancing computational efficiency, improving the integration of terrain and illumination data, and expanding applications to include thermal regulation, energy management, and long-term habitat resilience. Such efforts will further advance the stability and sustainability of architectural designs for manned lunar research stations. |
| Key words: lunar research station lunar illumination technical route architectural design analogy transfer theory |
