| 摘要: |
| 县域城镇化背景下乡村人口呈现老龄化结构，剖析老人时空行为活动特征与制约机制对乡村社区适老化建设具有重要意义。运用新时间地理学多情境理论，对陕南两个山地乡村的老人及其家庭成员的时空行为活动路径进行分析，总结老人时空行为活动特征、活动制约、面对制约的家庭企划与分工调整模式、地方秩序与老人时空行为的互动关系。发现：①在日常、地理、社会和企划情境的交互下，乡村老人时空行为活动呈现出在地生活、城乡流动和进城定居3种模式和7种不同家庭组合类型；②家庭生命周期、家庭经济水平、子辈工作和孙辈就学、家庭出行交通工具使用、乡村公共服务设施配置共同制约老人及其家庭企划实现，家庭分工与联合是应对制约的重要手段；③“家-社区-乡村”地方秩序嵌套中老人时空行为活动的调整反映了乡村公共服务设施配置优化、交通系统规划提升和公共空间建设完善的必要性。最后，提出应对地方秩序转变的乡村规划策略，以期构建行为-空间适配的乡村适老化建设环境。 |
| 关键词: 新时间地理学，多维情景，地方秩序，活动特征与制约机制，山地乡村 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:TU984 |
| 基金项目:十四五重点研发计划课题：生态脆弱区县域国土空间规划理论与方法（项目编号2022YFC3802801） |
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| Characteristics of spatio-temporal behavioral activities and Behavioral spatial adjustment mechanisms of the elderly in mountainous villages under the complex context—Using the mountainous countryside of southern Shaanxi as a case study |
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wangxia,wupei,wuxue
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1.Shaanxi Agricultural Development Group;2.East china jiaotong university
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| Abstract: |
| Under the context of county-level urbanization, the aging phenomenon in rural population structure has emerged. Analyzing the space-time behavioral characteristics and constraint mechanisms of the elderly holds significant implications for age-friendly rural community development. This study employs the multi-context theory of new time geography to investigate four dimensions: space-time behavioral patterns, activity constraints, family adaptation strategies through project adjustment and labor division, and the interaction between local orders and elderly behaviors.Firstly, through space-time path analysis of 186 elderly individuals and their family members from two mountainous villages in southern Shaanxi, this research identifies three typical activity patterns and seven household types. The study summarizes three fundamental characteristics of elderly activities: temporal utilization in daily contexts, spatial utilization in geographical contexts, and social interactions in community contexts. Seven representative case families were selected to examine activity variations under different family project contexts.Subsequently, the constraints on elderly activities were categorized into three dimensions: individual capacity limitations, household composition restrictions, and authoritative constraints in rural development. By integrating individual behaviors into family projects, the study reveals constraint-coping mechanisms and labor division strategies across different family life cycles. Furthermore, the investigation extends to extra-household contexts by analyzing the nested relationships within the "household-village group-rural community" local order system, clarifying spatial demands from dominant actors and transitional processes at different governance levels.From a behavior-space interaction perspective, the research crystallizes the dynamic interaction patterns between elderly activities and spatial configurations. Finally, an elderly-friendly community development framework with optimization strategies is proposed to address local order transitions. This study provides theoretical and practical references for rural revitalization and age-appropriate spatial planning under urbanization pressures.The study reveals that:①Daily activity regularity among rural elderly exhibits a positive correlation with household size. Their primary activity spaces consist of homes, neighbors' residences, and farmlands, with family members and local acquaintances serving as key social contacts. A pronounced familial segregation consciousness persists, where elderly individuals predominantly establish tightly-knit social networks centered around households or kinship groups; ②Under the interplay of daily, geographical, social, and project contexts, the space-time behaviors of rural elderly manifest three distinct patterns: localized living, urban-rural mobility, and urban settlement. These patterns correspond to seven household composition types:Three-generation households (grandparents, parents, and grandchildren);Aged couple households (with children residing locally);Aged couple households (with children in distant cities);Elderly living alone;Urban-rural mobile elderly households;Urban-settled elderly households (co-residing with children);Urban-settled elderly households (living separately from children).③ The realization of elderly-family projects is collectively constrained by family life cycles, household economic status, children's employment and grandchildren's education commitments, transportation accessibility, and rural public service provisions. Spatial-temporal behavioral constraints and corresponding family project adaptations diverge significantly across household types. For elderly residing rurally, their activities predominantly prioritize supporting children's livelihoods and grandchildren's educational needs, with family project objectives systematically overriding personal agendas.In urban-rural mobile households, educational accompaniment emerges as the paramount family project, where temporal-spatial constraints stem from synchronizing academic schedules, long-distance commuting between urban and rural areas, and inadequate school transportation infrastructure.Conversely, urban-settled elderly households primarily orient their space-time behaviors toward fulfilling emotional needs, reflecting a strategic shift from familial obligations to self-actualization in later-life transitions.This tripartite framework elucidates how multiscalar constraints reconfigure elderly agency and intergenerational reciprocity across China's rural-urban continuum. ④ The household serves as the fundamental "place-pocket" of local order for rural elderly activities, while the village group constitutes their primary sphere of daily interactions, and the rural space represents a broader-scale spatial order. This nested "household-village group-rural" local order system evolves through the interweaving of family projects (domestic strategies), village group agendas (collective governance), and rural development initiatives (regional planning), forming a multi-tiered spatial governance structure. Confronting diverse constraints and the needs of elderly individuals and their families, this study synthesizes an "activity-space interaction" model through the lens of time-geography theory. The framework integrates three critical dimensions:space-time behavioral constraints, Implementation mechanisms of family projects, Nesting and reconfiguration of local orders. ⑤ Focusing on the "household-village group-rural" place-pocket system, we propose a mountainous rural elderly-friendly planning framework addressing heterogeneous family demands:For localized households: Prioritize precision-oriented public service allocation to enhance accessibility. For urban-rural mobile households: Optimize elderly-child mobility systems through transportation infrastructure upgrades. For urban-settled households: Develop socialization-focused public spaces to facilitate emotional fulfillment. This research offers theoretical foundations for creating behavior-space adaptive aging-friendly rural environments and lays groundwork for improving rural living conditions through spatial governance innovation. The framework bridges micro-level elderly needs with macro-level rural revitalization strategies in China's urbanization context. |
| Key words: New time geography theory complex context Local order Activity characteristics and constraints Mountainous country |
