| 摘要: |
| 研究基于专业医疗机构的840份问卷及1000份病例基础数据，采用循证研究思路，提出“5+2”研究技术路线：“统合设计”（含5个环节）和“医学循证”（含2个环节）两个部分。通过对五感统合设计的探讨，证实了采用“可预见且结构清晰、可干预且进路有序、可发展且及时奖励”的设计原则，及“基于线性递增的进阶式、基于‘CARS’测评的菜单式、基于第三方陪同的互助式”的设计方法，可以有效提高2-6岁孤独症儿童疗愈景观的有效性。本研究发现：在2-6岁孤独症儿童艺术疗愈景观设计中，视觉因素权重排位第一，设计元素的色相按照“蓝-绿-橙-红-黄”次序敏感度递增；听觉因素权重排位第二，环境氛围的声音按照从“有节奏低频率”到“无节奏的高频”敏感度递增；触觉因素权重排位第三，设计元素的材质按照从“光滑柔软”到“粗糙坚硬”敏感度递增；嗅味觉综合因素权重排位第四，环境氛围的气味及味道按照从“甜香温和”到“苦涩刺激”敏感度递增；前庭本体觉综合因素权重排位第五，器材运动的类型按照从“低强度旋摆及粗大运动”到“高强度平衡及精细运动”敏感度递增。 |
| 关键词: 感觉统合 孤独症 艺术疗愈景观 循证设计 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:TU986 |
| 基金项目:重庆市研究生教育教学改革研究项目；重庆市高等教育教学改革研究项目 |
|
| Research on Evidence-Based Design of Art Therapy Landscapes for 2-6 Year Old Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Based on Sensory Integration Therapy: A Case Study of the Healing Rooftop Garden at Zhixingkang Children's Hospital |
|
Guo Hui, Su Xin, wangquwei, Ma Zihui, Yu Ai, Zhang Haowen
|
|
Sichuan Fine Arts Institute
|
| Abstract: |
| Based on 840 questionnaires and 1000 clinical case data from professional medical institutions, this study adopted evidence-based research ideas and proposed a "5+2" research technology route, including two core modules: "integrated design" (5 phases) and "medical evidence-based" (2 phases). By systematically discussing the multi-sensory integrated design, the method system based on the principle of "predictable and clear structure, intervenable and orderly path, developable and timely reward", combined with "advanced linear incremental design, CARS (Children with Autism Rating Scale) assessment menu intervention, third-party collaborative intervention", was verified. Can significantly improve the effectiveness of interventions in the healing landscape for children aged 2-6 years with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). It is found that there is a clear sensory hierarchy effect in the landscape design of ASD children's art healing: the weight of visual factors ranks first, the weight is the highest, and the color sensitivity increases along the spectrum sequence of "blue - green - orange - red - yellow". In the second place of auditory factor weight, the stimulus response was enhanced when the environmental sound effect changed from "rhythmically low frequency" to "rhythmically high frequency". The tactile factor ranked third, and the perceived strength increased continuously when the material characteristics changed from smooth and soft to rough and hard. The weight of olfactory and gustological factors ranked fourth, and olfactory and gustological factors changed from mild and sweet to irritating and bitter. The weight of vestibular proprioceptive factors ranked fifth, and vestibular proprioceptive factors realized neural activation through the conversion of movement types from low-intensity coarse movements to high-intensity fine movements. The study further found that multi-sensory collaborative intervention can promote the development of sensory integration in children with ASD through neurotransmitter regulation mechanisms. Methodological innovation is reflected in the construction of a "theory-design-verification" closed-loop research system: The "integrated design" module realizes the systematic integration of sensory elements through five stages: demand diagnosis, scheme prototype, element screening, pattern construction and effect verification. The "evidence-based Medicine" module establishes the causal relationship between design intervention and behavior improvement with the help of clinical observation and evidence-based evaluation. By optimizing the allocation of spatial elements, the stereotypical behaviors of ASD children are significantly reduced and their social interaction ability is improved, which provides a theoretical basis and practical paradigm for the scientific design of rehabilitation environment for special children. The study revealed that structured sensory stimulation can promote the development of sensory integration in children with ASD by regulating neurotransmitter pathways, providing empirical evidence for the interdisciplinary integration of environmental design and neural rehabilitation. Theoretical contributions include: creating a landscape design model for ASD healing that integrates environmental exposure parameters and neurobehavioral responses; To elucidate the regulatory mechanism of multi-sensory cooperative intervention on synaptic plasticity; The "threshold sensory loading" design theory is proposed to balance the intensity of stimulation and individual tolerance. Practical application has formed a standardized design toolkit, covering a number of quantifiable elements such as color gradient template, sound field regulation algorithm, tactile material database, and has been implemented in many rehabilitation centers, and empirical evidence shows that it has a significant improvement effect on key indicators such as reducing the frequency of stereotypical behavior and increasing the duration of social interaction. By bridging the knowledge gap between environmental design and developmental neuroscience, this study provides a triad of "spatial-sensory-neural" evidence-based practice framework for early intervention in children with ASD, and opens up a new paradigm for inclusive environmental design for special needs groups. |
| Key words: Sensory Integration Autism Spectrum Disorder Art Therapy Landscape Evidence-Based Design |
