| 摘要: |
| 多维城镇化对苗侗村寨的社会组织、
产业结构、生活方式等产生了持续冲击，导致其
消防场域的火灾风险有增无减，消防体系的应灾
能力呈现低效悖论。为破解苗侗村寨在现代火
灾频发的困局，亟需解析其消防体系的嬗变机
理。基于消防工程学原理与方法，分析多维城镇
化要素冲击下的苗侗村寨火灾风险演变特征，归
纳此类消防场域的要素构成及其相互关系，解
析消防体系由传统到现代的嬗变过程与机理。
研究发现苗侗村寨消防体系存在由“人防为本”
向“技防为先”的嬗变，原因在于自下而上约束
力的退化与自上而下管控力的增强，进而揭示出
现代消防体系的关键问题在于村民消防组织弱
化、防火空间失效、电气火灾应对缺位，对此提
出了结合传统民俗强化村民的防火组织、营建
被动式、智能化防火空间、建设电气火灾治理长
效机制的优化策略。 |
| 关键词: 苗侗村寨 消防体系 嬗变 多维城镇
化 防火空间 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20240519 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（52368002）；国家自然科学
基金项目（52368004）；贵州省科技支撑计划（黔科
合支撑[2023]一般114） |
|
| Study on the evolution of fire protection system in Miao-Dong Minority Village under theimpact of multidimensional urbanization |
|
GAO Mingming,WANG Zhu,WANG Sicheng,MIAO Liting
|
| Abstract: |
| Multi-dimensional urbanization has a continuous impact on the social organization,
industrial structure and lifestyle of the Miao and Dong villages, resulting in an increasing fire risk
in the fire field, which is manifested by frequent fires and high fire intensity in recent years. In the
traditional period, its fire protection system can properly cope with the fire threats, but it frequently
fails in the modern period of technological progress, showing “inefficient paradox”. It is fundamental
to reveal the internal mechanism of this paradox for solving the frequent fire disasters in Miao-Dong
villages in modern times. Therefore, it is urgent to research the transmutation mechanism of the fire
protection system from tradition to modern times in Miao-Dong villages.
Based on the principles and methods of fire engineering, this paper analyzes the impact of
multi-dimensional urbanization factors on the social organization, industrial transformation and
villagers’ life of Miao-Dong villages, which leads to the evolution of fire risk in their fire field from
“more fire hazards, less fire” to frequent fire, and the evolution of fire risk sources from open fire
dominated to electrical fire dominated. And it sums up the elements and their characteristics of the
fire protection system in Miao-Dong villages, which can be divided into four parts: fire prevention
space, fire facilities, fire personnel and fire governance. It clarifies the relationship between
urbanization, fire risk and fire protection system, and then analyzes the evolution process and
mechanism of the fire protection system from tradition to modern times in Miao-Dong villages.
It is found that the fire protection system of Miao-Dong villages has changed from “humanbased
defense” to “technical defense first”, which is embodied in the more intensive village space
and less combustible building materials. Fire protection facilities have transformed from localization
to specialization. The main force of fire fighting has changed from villagers to firefighters. Fire
governance has changed from embedded life to detached life, showing that the organization of fire
resources has changed from distribution to centralization. The above evolution has led to the paradox
of low efficiency of modern fire protection system, the root cause of which is the degradation of
bottom-up binding force and the enhancement of top-down control. From the perspective of the
interaction between fire protection system and fire risk, the fundamental driving force of evolution
of fire protection system in Miao-Dong villages is the dynamic adjustment to fire risk, and it is also
affected by multi-dimensional urbanization. In the process of evolution, while its disaster response
capabilities decreased, it was faced with sudden changes and sharply increases in electrical fire risk,
but it has not yet established a fire prevention knowledge system to deal with electrical fire, which is
the root cause of the frequent fire in Miao-Dong villages in modern times.
The research further reveals that the key problems of the modern fire protection system in
Miao-Dong villages are the weakening of the villagers’ fire protection organization, the failure of
fire prevention space and the absence of electrical fire response. Based on the actual conditions
of economic downturn and population outflow in Miao-Dong villages, this paper adopts the
optimization principles of low cost, less manpower and long-term effect, and combines the traditional
wisdom of fire control and modern fire protection technology. The optimization strategies of
strengthening villagers’ fire prevention organization by combining traditional folk customs, building
passive and intelligent fire prevention space and establishing long-term mechanism of electrical firecontrol are put forward, which can provide beneficial references for the fire control services of Miao-Dong villages. |
| Key words: Miao-Dong minority villages fire protection system evolution multidimensional urbanization fire prevention space |
