| 摘要: |
| 当前，建筑创作既要反映新时代气象，
又要提现优秀文化传统的传承，因而寻找传
统文化在新时代建筑体系中的立足点显得尤
为重要。作为地域文化的载体，“意境”同样
存在于岭南传统园林的空间组构中。利用软件
Depthmap比对四个岭南广府地区的传统园林，
包括顺德清晖园、东莞可园、番禺余荫山房和佛
山梁园等的空间组构的“空间可理解度”值的变
化趋势，得出结论：当空间拓扑步数超过6步后，
其空间可理解度值皆低于0.5，此时空间理解的
模糊性是产生“意境”的空间组构特点。数据化
的结论可为新时代岭南园林的营造提供明确的
指引，若其他类型的空间组构具有相同特点时，
其中的空间感受将与传统岭南园林相类似。量
化性的空间关系分析和空间秩序内在逻辑的推
理具有清晰的可见性和操作性，使在当代建构
模式下营造传统文化意境的空间行为成为一种
可把握的肯定性设计活动，为新时代的建筑空间延续传统岭南园林文化内涵提供了理论依据。 |
| 关键词: 岭南园林 空间意境 组构分析 轴线模型 可理解度 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20240516 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:广州市哲学社会科学发展“十四五”规划2022年度
一般课题（2022GZYB54）；华南理工大学建筑设计
研究院有限公司委托研究项目（x2jzD8205870） |
|
| Quantitative analysis of the intelligibility of spatial imagery in traditional Lingnan gardens |
|
GUO Haoxu,XIE Xuan,LAI Wenbo
|
| Abstract: |
| The “14th Five-Year” Cultural Development Plan emphasizes that, in the new era, the core
of cultural construction lies in the establishment of firm self-cultural self-confidence. Architectural
creation is also located in the cultural construction, should not only reflect the new atmosphere of
the times, but also can reflect the inheritance of excellent cultural traditions, looking for traditional
culture in the new era of architectural system in the foothold of the new era is particularly important.
“imagery” is an aesthetic category unique to traditional culture, and as a carrier of regional culture,
“imagery” also exists in the spatial organization of Lingnan traditional gardens. Discovering the
characteristics of traditional Lingnan gardens’ “mood” spatial organization and applying them in the
spatial creation of new buildings is precisely the echo of the new era’s demand for the embodiment
of traditional culture in architecture. At present, the research of architectural design theory is
developing from the previous mode of relying on knowledge and experience to the direction
of scientization, quantization and digitalization. The new method is based on the topological
relationship of space ontology, and the quantitative results obtained through the calculation
software are clear and explicit compared with the previous descriptive conclusions, and thus can be
specifically applied to the construction of new buildings.
From the theory of spatial syntax, it is known that when the overall image inferred from the
superposition of the impressions obtained by the observer from the local space is inconsistent with
the actuality of the entire spatial system, the perception of spatial organization produces ambiguity,
and its “spatial intelligibility” value is low, then the “mood” will be brewed to be created. When the
value of spatial intelligibility R2 is lower than 0.5, the observer cannot obtain a clear overall image
of the space even after all the spatial strings are connected. Such a spatial organization system does
not impose any forced concepts on the observer’s consciousness, but rather allows the observer’s
consciousness to be free to stretch and lead to the creation of a mood.
The study starts with a scatterplot of Rn3-Rn5 spatial axial integration of four traditional
Lingnan gardens (including Qinghuiyuan in Shunde, Keyuan in Dongguan, Yuyinshanfang in Panyu,
and Liangyuan in Foshan), with Rn3 on the vertical axis and Rn5 on the horizontal axis, whose
regression line fit is the spatial intelligibility R2 value, which indicates the spatial intelligibility of
spatial grouping from the range of three topological steps to the range of five topological steps. Then
gradually expand the range of the local space to seven and nine topological steps, and finally reach
the range of the whole garden space, i.e., to obtain the scatter plots of the spatial axial integration
degree of Rn3-Rn7, Rn3-Rn9 and Rn3-Rn. Comparing the R2 values of these scatter plots, we
analyze to what extent the gap between the local and the whole can reach the spatial intelligibility
value of R2 lower than 0.5 for the traditional Lingnan gardens, and observe the trend of their spatial
grouping of “intelligibility” value of R2, and find that when the number of spatial topological
steps exceeds six, the “intelligibility value” of R2 i s lower t han 0.5. Observing t he t rend of t heir
spatial organization, it is found that when the number of spatial topological steps exceeds six, the
“intelligibility” value of R2 is lower than 0.5, which is a common feature of the spatial organization
of Lingnan traditional gardens. This conclusion can be called the “six-step” principle of the spatial
context of Lingnan traditional gardens. As an implied spiritual experience, “mood” can also beinterpreted in other types of spatial organization sequence, that is, when other types of spatial organization has the same characteristics, then the spatial
feeling will be similar to the traditional Lingnan gardens. The proposal of the “six-step” principle provides a quantitative index evaluation basis and design
reference for the creation of a similar spatial feeling of the traditional Lingnan gardens, and verifies the spatial type of the Lingnan gardens in the new era.
The research in this paper quantitatively analyzes the inner logic of the spatial relationship and order of the traditional Lingnan gardens, and the
conclusions of the data are clear and explicit, aiming to provide a clear guideline for the creation of the Lingnan gardens in the new era, and a theoretical
basis for the continuation of the cultural connotation of the traditional Lingnan gardens in the architectural space of the new era. So that the spatial behavior
of creating traditional cultural context under the contemporary mode of construction is not limited to the imitation of traditional architectural shapes, but is
based on the essential logic of its generation, and becomes an affirmative design activity that can be grasped. |
| Key words: Lingnan gardens spatial imagery fabric analysis axis model intelligibility |
