| 摘要: |
| 中国正面临深度老龄化的挑战，建设
老年友好城市已成为迫切目标。本研究利用百度
“文心一格”大模型，结合居民对街道的老年友
好需求生成改造方案，进一步统计分析各群体
的老年友好需求差异及整体特征。研究发现：第
一，生成式大模型可以有效地应用在老年友好
城市设计；第二，女性更关注老年友好街道的环
境设施功能，男性更关注街道形态；受教育水平
越高，老年友好街道的绿化率需求越高；第三，
当前街道的天空开敞度、围墙（栏）、步行道、路
灯、车流和车行道现状与老年友好街道需求之间
仍存在差距。本研究以期为老年友好理念下的城
市规划和设计提供创新方法和实践参考。 |
| 关键词: 老年友好 城市设计 大模型 街景图
像 个体属性特征 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20240205 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目: |
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| Designing elderly-friendly cities based on a generative large language model: A case studyof streets in Hangzhou |
|
MA Shuang,WANG Biyan,LI Shuangjin
|
| Abstract: |
| The global aging population is accelerating, with China’s aging population being
prominent. China is expected to become the country with the largest aged population (defined as
aged 60 years or older) in the world by 2050. At present, China is actively carrying out the “active
aging” action, and relevant documents emphasize the importance of responding to this national
strategy from the perspective of urban planning. Analyzing street scale is crucial for constructing
elderly-friendly cities, yet there is limited research on evaluating spatial elements of streets and the
varied demands for such cities across socio-economic groups. Generative Large Language Models
(GLLMs), with their unique advantages such as high generalization ability, multitasking learning,
and powerful computing resources, can consider spatial contextual elements and quickly generate
planning and designing drawings based on public will, which helps to break the dilemma of planning
before evaluation. However, there is currently limited research on the application of GLLMs to guide
the construction of elderly friendly cities.
Therefore, based on the concept of “active aging”, this study collects 118 effective
questionnaires on the survey of street elderly-oriented renovation, which uses street view images
within Hangzhou City, China as carriers. The survey respondents are residents of Hangzhou City
aged 30 years or older. The questionnaire content includes their individual attributes, whether
the street is suitable for elderly-oriented renovation, and the corresponding elderly-oriented
renovation needs (including 22 element indicators from street form, environmental facility, road
and transportation, and green landscape dimensions). Then, this study selects Baidu “Wenxin
Yige”, a multi-modal GLLM, as the automation designing platform, and inputs street view images
(image mode) that are suitable for elderly-oriented renovation and corresponding street renovation
requirements (text mode), until the corresponding elderly-oriented renovation designing diagrams
that satisfy the respondents are generated. Finally, the street view images before and after the
elderly-oriented renovation are subjected to semantic segmentation to extract the percentage of
environmental elements in each street, and further statistical analysis is conducted on the differences
in elderly friendly needs among different groups and their overall characteristics.
The results indicate that the application of GLLMs in the design of elderly friendly cities is
feasible and effective. Firstly, there are significant differences in the attention points of respondents of
different genders, ages, education levels, housing properties, and pension (or income) towards urban
environmental elements in streets after elderly-oriented renovation. 1)The male groups place more
emphasis on the renovation of elements related street form and environmental quality to improve
the recognition of street space. While, the female groups place greater emphasis on the elements
related transformation of functional and accessibility, such as more commercial service facilities and
urban furniture facilities. 2)The preferences of different groups with different levels of education and
housing properties towards the proportion of various urban environmental elements are relatively
consistent. However, based on the results of the questionnaire survey, it is found that groupswith higher education levels have higher requirements for the quality of green spaces, and groups with different housing properties have different specific
designing requirements for various elements. 3)There are significant differences in the demand for elderly friendly street elements among different age
groups and pension (or income) groups. Secondly, the current situation of buildings, rest seats, greenery, and signage (lights) within the scope of this study
has roughly meet the requirements of elderly friendly cities, but there is still an urgent need to improve the openness of the sky, walls (fences), pedestrian
walkways, street lights, traffic flow, and lane planning. Finally, based on the significance of the percentage changes in environmental factors in each city,
118 streets can be divided into four types of elderly-oriented renovation: street form renovation (N=20), green landscape renovation (N=36), environmental
facility renovation (N=29), and road and traffic renovation (N=33).
Based on the above results, further research can be conducted in the future. In the construction of elderly-friendly cities, it is essential to tailor the
detail-oriented renovations to the characteristics of the residents in the area where the street is located. For example, in areas with affordable housing, the
street’s architectural facades could be enriched with colors, and park green space facilities such as fitness equipment, walking paths, children’s play areas,
and rest seats could be added. For streets in high-density blocks, street-side green spaces can be cleverly integrated to meet the needs of various groups.
Furthermore, the advancement of road space redistribution ensures the protection of pedestrian slow traffic spaces, especially in streets within resettlement
housing blocks. |
| Key words: elderly-friendly urban design large language model street view image individual attributes |
