| 摘要: |
| 三峡库区生态环境变化是影响长江流
域生态安全的关键因素。本文基于PSR模型建
构生态系统服务“供给—调节—支持”的功能
评价方法和“状态—压力”的驱动力识别要素
体系，采用地理探测器和空间相关性分析方法，
揭示了三峡库区生态系统服务功能在库首、库
中、库尾的互构特征及驱动机理。研究表明：
三峡库区蓄水初期对生态系统服务功能影响显
著，不同区位的类聚作用逐年变强；生境面积比
和土地利用强度是近20年影响库区生态系统服
务功能的核心指标，地形位指数也凸显对山地
城市生态系统服务功能的决定性作用；库首需关注景观多样性，库尾应处理好建设空间与生态空间的平衡关系。研究结果旨在为三峡库区生态修
复与生态服务功能提升提供参考。 |
| 关键词: 生态系统服务 驱动因素 地理探测 时空演变 三峡库区 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20230418 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:重庆市自然科学基金面上项目（cstc2020jcyj msxmX0522） |
|
| Study on Spatio-Temporal Evolution and Driving Forces of Ecosystem Services in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area from 2000 to 2020 |
|
CHEN Dan,ZENG Wei,GUO Kairui,WANG Fuhai
|
| Abstract: |
| In the context of ecological civilization construction, research on ecosystem services
has become a key task for regional ecological protection. Research on ecosystem services started
relatively late in China. Most of the research has focused on administrative regions as the smallest
analytical unit, with static analysis being the main focus. Also, there was relatively little research on
the dynamic tracking of the comprehensive functions of watershed ecosystem services from long term and multi-dimensional aspects. The Three Gorges Reservoir Area is an important ecological
barrier in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, and changes in ecosystem services directly
affect the ecological security of the Yangtze River Basin. Previous studies have mostly used the
value equivalent method to analyze the value of land ecosystem services, which cannot reflect the
comprehensive capacity of ecosystem services in the entire region. The research area was mainly
focused on a certain reservoir section or typical area, which cannot sufficiently reveal the overall
status of ecosystem services in the Three Gorges Reservoir Basin. Due to the lacking coverage of
driving factors and the insufficient targeting of multi-scale types in the basin, relevant research
conclusions are difficult to implement and promote in depth.
The present study constructs a driving force element system that covers both natural and human
factors such as climate change, terrain conditions, and development intensity. The grid is used as
the minimum evaluation unit, and based on the PSR model, a comprehensive evaluation method
for “Supply-Regulation-Support” ecosystem services is constructed. A driving force identification
element system covering seven element types and 19 indicator contents of natural factors, human
activities, and socio-economic factors is established. By using geographic detectors and spatial
correlation analysis methods, the interactive characteristics and driving mechanisms of ecosystem
service functions in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area were revealed at the beginning, middle, and
end of the reservoir. This article attempts to establish a method for identifying the driving factors of
ecosystem services in typical mountainous watersheds, analyze the dynamic evolution characteristics
and driving forces of ecosystem service capabilities in multi-scale spatiotemporal dimensions, and
provide technological support and auxiliary decision-making for achieving ecological protection in
the Three Gorges Reservoir Area.
The results showed that with the implementation of policies such as natural forest protection
and returning farmland to forests and grasslands in the Yangtze River Basin, the regional natural
environment has been greatly improved. Strengthening the monitoring and control of water, air, soil
and other pollution in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area has significantly improved the ecosystem
service capacity. The basin environmental improvement and ecological restoration projects haveimproved the stability of the ecosystem. The ecosystem service functions in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area have gradually increased spatial homogeneity
and aggregation. The spatial differentiation characteristics of ecosystem service functions in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area are significant, and are
influenced by the dual factor enhancement effect of environmental variables and socio-economic variables. Due to the differences in the formation process
of regional ecosystems, the determining factors of ecosystem service functions are different. The natural background conditions of mountainous areas also
have a strong determining power on the ecosystem service functions in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area. It is crucial to control the intensity of regional land
use and pay attention to the improvement of the ecosystem service functions in the reservoir area through the proportion of regional ecological land use. At
the same time, it is necessary to pay attention to the diversified development of landscape types in areas with good ecological background conditions at the
beginning of the reservoir. Special attention should be paid to the reasonable planning of construction and transportation land at the end of the reservoir, and
the monitoring of vegetation coverage and precipitation in the area should be emphasized.
The comprehensive evaluation of ecosystem services based on multifunctional dimensions can accurately reflect the problems and shortcomings of
ecosystem service functions in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area. Based on the principle of the PSR model and combined with the regional characteristics
of mountainous watersheds, a driving force identification element system covering seven element types and 19 indicator contents of natural factors, human
activities, and socio-economic factors is constructed. The driving force of ecosystem services in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area is studied by reservoir
sections and time periods, solving the problem of weak correspondence and unclear interpretability between economic and social macro indicators and
district/county comprehensive indicators that are used in traditional watershed ecosystem service research. This reveals the status and driving factors of
changes in ecosystem services in the reservoir area more comprehensively and accurately. |
| Key words: Ecosystem Services Driving Factors Geographical Detector Spatio-Temporal Evolution Three Gorges Reservoir Area |
