| 摘要: |
| 新冠肺炎疫情暴露出现代城市发展中
积累的一系列健康问题，如何科学评估城市健
康状况和趋势、更好辅助制定城市健康政策和
规划，是当前中国乃至各国城市普遍面临的重要
挑战。为指引和支撑健康城市发展，探寻健康城
市评价体系的演变脉络与主要趋势，本文通过
回顾健康城市评价体系基本概念，梳理和对比
近年来国内外健康城市评价工作的变化，重点
识别了健康城市评价体系在主题内容、方法技
术、应用受众、实施模式等方面的进展，总结了
健康城市评价体系发展趋势中呈现的主题整合
化、方法精细化、应用价值化和模式开放化四
方面关健转向，并对进一步优化健康城市评价
体系的实施提出了对策建议。 |
| 关键词: 健康城市 评价体系 城市健康指数 循证管理 数据驱动 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20230203 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:清华大学城市治理与可持续发展研究院首都高端智
库课题（20211160001）；清华大学大学生研究训练计
划（SRT）项目（2221T0689） |
|
| Reviews and Prospects of Healthy City Evaluation Systems |
|
LI Dong,HAN Song,LI Fengjing
|
| Abstract: |
| The COVID-19 epidemic has exposed a series of health problems accumulated in the
development of modern cities. How to scientifically assess urban health conditions and trends
and better assist in formulating urban health policies and plans is an important challenge faced
by cities in China and even in other countries in general. In order to better respond and intervene,
it is necessary to accurately grasp urban health trends, evaluate urban health conditions, identify
urban health problems and shortcomings, design targeted implementation measures, and monitor
and provide feedback on the effectiveness of implementation, which constitute an important policy
tool in the evaluation work with the theme of healthy cities. From the previous studies, the existing
healthy city evaluation systems are diverse and rapidly developing, and a more unified paradigm
has not yet been formed in terms of topics, methods, applications, and models. The urban health
system in the post-epidemic era is becoming increasingly complex, making it increasingly difficult
to conduct health evaluation, and more reasonable evaluation system tools are urgently needed. In
order to answer the question on how to carry out healthy city evaluation in the post-epidemic era, we
need to systematically review and summarize the existing healthy city evaluation systems, identify
their main progress and development trends, and propose countermeasures at the implementation
level. The healthy city evaluation system assumes an indispensable and critical function in
responding to the realistic and urgent need for continuous improvement of the situation, as well
as in promoting high-quality urban development in the new era. This article identifies the basic
concepts of healthy city evaluation systems, compares and contrasts the progress of healthy city
evaluation works at home and abroad in recent years, focuses on identifying the main progress of
healthy city evaluation systems in terms of thematic contents, methods and technologies, application
audiences and implementation modes. Strictly speaking, a “healthy city” is a process rather than
a result, and the object of the study of the process of building a healthy city is not the unrealized
healthy city itself, but the realistic projection of this theoretical concept, i.e., the state of “health of
the city”, which characterizes the integrated system of all health-related elements in the city. For
the evaluation process, it is through the measurement of the urban health status that people can
understand its evolution and development level, in order to clarify the gap with the ultimate goal of
a “healthy city”. This article summarizes four trends of developing healthy city evaluation system,
namely, comprehensive theme, refinement of method, value of application and openness of model.
For the comprehensive theme, with the support of data and analysis technology, indicator systems
from different perspectives can be integrated with each other to establish a more comprehensive
and holistic healthy city evaluation systems. This article argues that the primary feature of the next
phase of the healthy city evaluation systems is the synthesis of evaluation themes and contents,
further highlighting the cross-disciplinary attributes of healthy city research, guiding practical
feedbacks and exploring possible countermeasures. For the refinement of method, the application of
new data also makes it possible to increase the feasibility of messo-and micro-level measurement
analysis and refine the smallest analysis units that can be supported by evaluation indicators, so
that the temporal and spatial differences in the construction process of healthy cities can be grasped
in more detail, and the results can help relevant departments to comprehensively understand the
geographical distribution of local health problems and provide reliable support for the optimization
of public health policies. For the value of application, the new data can effectively break through
administrative boundaries, hence different regions and different spatial units can use the same datasource and indicator design to carry out research, and the progress or problems of urban health can be identified more objectively by comparing indicators
among similar cities, highlighting the core concept of “improvement over achievement” for healthy cities. For the openness of model, there is also a trend of
diversification in the subjects conducting the evaluation of healthy cities. The trend can be observed from the traditional single government-led evaluation
to the second-party evaluation authorized or commissioned by the government, and then even to the third-party evaluation conducted independently. At the
end, this article synthesizes the above analysis and puts forward the implementation suggestions to further improve the healthy city evaluation systems. |
| Key words: Healthy Cities Evaluation System Urban Health Index Evidence-Based Management Data Driven |
