| 摘要: |
| 建筑工业化的基本特征是在建筑行业
内以机器生产构件和产品代替人工生产，以机
械施工替代人工施工，其衡量标准是机器生产
代替人工的比重。建筑工业化率表示在整个建
筑生产过程中，以工业化的机械生产代替人工手
工劳作的比例，并通过该比例展示出整个建筑
产业链的工业化水平。本文提出了权重系数法建
筑工业化率计算模型，以南京市某地下工程为
例，确定了新型工业化建造模式权重系数β取值
（0.4，0.25，0.15，0.09），计算得出应用装配式
组合钢筋技术系统的工业化率约为31%。该评
价指标有利于系统评估建筑工业化整体水平，
为江苏省装配式建筑乃至其他省份地区出台装
配式评价标准提供参考。 |
| 关键词: 建筑工业化 工业化率 计算方法 综
合权重计算 装配式组合钢筋技术系统 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20220601 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:部品部件库及建筑信息模型分件、编码和标注标准研
究住房和城乡建设部课题（2022-K-069） |
|
| Research on Calculation Method of Industrialization Rate of Prefabricated Building |
|
ZHANG Hong,LUO Shen,HEI Shanggang,YE Hongyu,WU Yanhua,ZHANG Junjun
|
| Abstract: |
| As the country vigorously promotes the industrialization of new buildings and the
sustainable development of assembled buildings, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural
Development released the Standard for Assessment of Prefabricated Building (GB/T51129-
2017), in which the prefabrication ratio, as an important indicator in the evaluation system of
assembled buildings, has become the main basis for governments at all levels to formulate
policies related to assembled buildings. Compared with the local documents related to the
calculation of the prefabrication ratio issued by each region in China, it can be seen that the
details of the terms are slightly different, but they are all based on the national standard and
supplemented and improved according to the local industry chain development characteristics.
In the specific engineering application, it can be seen that, first of all, the application ratio of
prefabricated components in assembled buildings is already high, but the production method
and construction and building organization of domestic factories are still relatively backward,
and prefabricated components are carried out on-site in accordance with the traditional manual
mode of mold support and post-pouring during on-site construction, which does not give full
play to the advantages of assembled buildings in terms of construction. This implementation is a
kind of enhancement for the value of the prefabrication ratio, but essentially it does not achieve
the effect of replacing manual work with mechanical work, and even consumes more labor
in the whole construction process. Secondly, due to different evaluation standards, there are
differences in the calculation methods and results of both the assembly rate and prefabrication
rate. In addition, the traditional building assembly thinking in the industry mostly equates theprocess of promoting the industrialization of construction with increasing the prefabrication
and assembly rate of component factories, and simply using the assembly rate or prefabrication
rate as the evaluation index of the degree of industrialization of construction cannot accurately
represent the degree and effect of replacing manual work with mechanical work. Therefore,
the current evaluation standards still lack relatively objective and effective quantitative
indicators that can measure the degree of industrialization of the whole building process. The
industrialization of construction is an energy-saving and environmentally friendly way of
building design and construction organization. It can increase the level of industrialization
rate at any stage by replacing measures, technologies, and methods with machinery for manual
work in the construction production process in an advanced way. Therefore, the application of
prefabricated steel skeleton, monolithic formwork, and tooled scaffolding can all increase therate of construction industrialization. To sum up, the evaluation of the degree of construction industrialization requires comprehensive consideration
of the proportion of mechanical automated production replacing manual labor in the four major projects: concrete works, reinforcement works,
scaffolding works, and formwork works.
In this paper, starting from the characteristics of assembly building industrialization itself, based on the comprehensive analysis of labor
consumption of the four major projects of assembly concrete, the calculation model of construction industrialization rate by weight coefficient
method is established, and finally, the calculation model of industrialization rate is verified with an underground cast-in-place monolithic project in
Nanjing as an example. The results show that: (1) the industrialization rate of the new industrialized construction method of assembled combined
steel used in this project is about 31%, which can significantly reduce the labor cost in the construction process and improve the industrialization
level compared with both the traditional manual construction mode and the assembled construction mode. (2) The weight coefficients β of the four
major projects of different construction methods are determined to facilitate the application of this calculation method in other projects. The weight
coefficients β of traditional hand-built steel works, concrete works, formwork works, and supporting frameworks (0.31, 0.19, 0.34, 0.16); the weight
coefficients β of prefabricated assembly construction mode (0.28, 0.5, 0.13, 0.9); and the weight coefficients β of new industrialized construction
mode (0.4, 0.25, 0.15, 0.09). (3) This quantitative index is complementary to the evaluation index of prefabricated assembly rate, which is conducive
to the systematic assessment of the overall level of construction industrialization and provides a reference for the introduction of assembly evaluation
standards in Jiangsu Province and even in other provinces and regions.
The road of industrialization of China’s construction industry is not only the assembled concrete structure system but also the cast-in-place
structure system. In addition to the quantitative indicators in the current evaluation system for assembled buildings, the policy-making departments,
design companies, and construction companies should pay more attention to the guidance and encouragement of these evaluation indicators for the
new assembled construction technology, and focus on the rationality and universality of the indicator system in the actual engineering application, so
as to jointly improve the industrialized development of the whole construction industry chain. |
| Key words: Building Industrialization Building Industrialization Rate Calculation Method Comprehensive Weight Calculation Prefabricated
Composite Steel System |
