| 摘要: |
| 当前，公共服务设施主要按照村镇人
口指标和行政等级指标进行规划和评价，但村
镇两级行政单元的人口数量和经济体量过小，难
以支撑自洽运作的公共服务体系，需要在整个县
域对村镇公共服务设施进行统筹。而县域尺度
较大、人口密度较低，不适用城市生活圈的理论
与方法。以重庆市永川区为例，基于人工智能知
识图谱的基本原理，以行政单元和公共服务设
施为实体，运用知识推理技术建立空间邻近关
系、空间归属关系、功能管辖关系、功能替代关
系和兼容配置关系，形成县域公共服务体系的
知识图谱网络，并构建村镇公共服务评价指标
体系。研究发现，从整体关联的视角能够较为系
统地研究村镇公共服务体系，进而指导公共服
务设施的规划和建设。 |
| 关键词: 乡村规划 公共服务设施 知识图谱 复杂网络 评价指标体系 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20220404 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:“十三五”国家重点研发计划项目（2018YFD1100300） |
|
| Research on the Network of Public Service Facilities in Villages and Towns Based onKnowledge Graph Technology |
|
ZHANG Chenyang,SHI Beixiang
|
| Abstract: |
| The planning of public service facilities in villages and towns is a complex issue in
the planning discipline, which is related to the national strategy of rural revitalization and the
major task of agricultural and rural modernization. From the perspective of the current status of
village and town construction in China in recent years, the type and number of public service
facilities have been improved. However, when villagers use public service facilities, there are
still a lot of resource mismatches such as lack of services, redundancy of services, borrowing
from neighboring villages, and use by leaps and bounds. Current public service facilities are
mainly planned and evaluated in accordance with population index and administrative level
indicators of villages and towns in China, but the population size and GDP of administrative
units at the village and town levels are too small to support a self-sufficient public service
system. Therefore, it is necessary to coordinate village and town public service facilities in the
county-level administrative region. The larger scale and lower population density of the county
do not apply to the theory and method of urban life circle. Therefore, it is necessary to innovate
the evaluation methods for the status quo and planning schemes of public service facilities in
villages and towns, so as to provide a scientific basis for the reconstruction of the public service
system in villages and towns.
Taking Yongchuan District of Chongqing Municipality as an example, the theoretical basis
of the research is determined by studying the public service needs of villages and towns, as
well as the classification and distribution characteristics of public service facilities in villages
and towns. The village units and public service facilities are taken as entities，and five entity
attributes of the village units are collected, including subordinate towns, spatial boundaries,
construction land boundaries, use intensity of various types of facilities, and satisfaction
of various types of facilities; five entity attributes of public service facilities are collected,
including facility level, facility function, function type, spatial coordinates, and service
construction land. Based on the basic principles of artificial intelligence knowledge graph, four
kinds of reasoning relationships are established by using knowledge reasoning technology,
including spatial proximity relationship, spatial affiliation relationship, functional jurisdiction
relationship, functional substitution relationship and functional compatibility relationship, so
as to form the knowledge graph of county public service system. Based on the constructed
knowledge graph of public service facilities in villages and towns, an assessment indicator
system for the level of public services in villages and towns can be further constructed from asystematic perspective, which integrates the calculation method of complex network and traditional quantitative calculation method.
The research results of the overall evaluation of public service facilities show that: 1) public service facilities are highly concentrated in
Zhongshan Road Sub-district and Shengli Road Sub-district, which constitute an overall public service network; 2) due to the radiation of the
urban service network, there is a lack of public service facilities in other villages adjacent to the two sub-districts; 3) except for two urban districts,
six villages form obvious groups of public service facilities, which radiate to surrounding villages; 4) there are four groups lacking public service
facilities in the county, and the adjacent villages also lack public service facilities.
The research results of the evaluation of various types of public service facilities show that: 1) the distribution of administrative service facilities
is relatively uniform, and the necessary facilities are distributed in every village, but the types and quantities of administrative facilities in urban
areas and town center villages are significantly better, and have obvious functional compatibility; 2) the distribution of educational service facilities
is relatively scattered, and the overall level of educational services is relatively low; 3) medical facilities are highly concentrated in urban areas and
town center villages, especially private pharmacies and clinics form a continuous network of alternative facilities, and urban residents have a variety
of choices, but medical facilities in rural areas are still lacking; 4) cultural, sports and social welfare facilities are very lacking, mainly distributed in
urban areas, among which cultural and sports facilities show a certain compatibility phenomenon.
Further, this paper argues that: 1) the public service facilities in villages and towns do not exist in isolation, but play a role together with adjacent
facilities, subordinate facilities, and related functional facilities; taking the county as the research scale, from the perspective of complex network, the village
and town public service facilities can be described and evaluated more accurately, and more implicit public service level information can be excavated; 2)
through knowledge graph technology, independent information is associated to form knowledge, which can realize information retrieval, level evaluation
and planning reference of public service facilities in villages and towns; 3) in order to optimize the public service system of villages and towns, the facilities
can be partially centralized and compatible in space, but they need to be moderately dispersed as a whole to avoid continuous service-missing areas; 4) to
break the restrictions of administrative boundaries, it is necessary to coordinate the allocation of public service facilities, and the construction of alternative
types of facilities should be reduced in villages adjacent to urban areas; 5) for facilities with large service radius but high quality requirements, they can be
abolished and merged, focusing on the construction of facilities with good spatial location. |
| Key words: Rural Planning Public Service Facilities Knowledge Graph Complex Network Assessment Indicator System |
